1
00:00:00,690 --> 00:00:06,900
We are going to discuss Biton strings, the string is nothing but sequence of characters, and these

2
00:00:06,900 --> 00:00:13,550
characters can be of Lorqess, alphabet's, uppercase alphabets, digits and some special characters.

3
00:00:14,370 --> 00:00:21,920
A string is a sequence of characters and string can contain alphabet's digits and special characters.

4
00:00:22,380 --> 00:00:27,120
Computers do not deal with the characters computer convert them into numbers.

5
00:00:27,130 --> 00:00:28,760
That is a binary number system.

6
00:00:28,950 --> 00:00:33,840
That means each and every character will be represented in the form of zeros and ones.

7
00:00:34,200 --> 00:00:40,350
Even though we may see characters on our screen internally, it is being stored and manipulated as a

8
00:00:40,350 --> 00:00:43,960
combination of zeros and ones in the binary representation.

9
00:00:44,520 --> 00:00:52,470
This conversion of character to a number is called encoding, and the reverse process is known as decoding.

10
00:00:52,650 --> 00:00:55,450
So encoding means from character to the binary.

11
00:00:55,450 --> 00:01:00,950
The presentation and decoding means from the binary presentation to the character generation.

12
00:01:01,470 --> 00:01:07,480
So ASCII and Unicode are the sum of the very popular encoding techniques we use.

13
00:01:07,920 --> 00:01:10,560
So for this better idea on the python strings.

14
00:01:10,710 --> 00:01:17,210
So let us go for practical demonstration right now in Python string means sequence of characters.

15
00:01:17,550 --> 00:01:18,610
So let us define that.

16
00:01:18,630 --> 00:01:21,470
What are the different ways to define a string in Python?

17
00:01:21,960 --> 00:01:24,180
So there is no one that is here.

18
00:01:24,190 --> 00:01:26,740
This will come has been enclosed within a single course.

19
00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:31,500
So if we go on printing, this might instead one I'm getting this will come here.

20
00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:37,060
Here will come is enclosed within double codes here will come is enclosed within tripled single course.

21
00:01:37,320 --> 00:01:40,040
So in this way we are getting this welcome God printed.

22
00:01:40,290 --> 00:01:46,200
Now here we are having this triple cinequest triple double rather also can use as a single code.

23
00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:47,150
So that is not an issue.

24
00:01:47,520 --> 00:01:50,010
So print Maistre three, it will go on printing.

25
00:01:50,020 --> 00:01:53,490
That is welcome to the world of Python programming.

26
00:01:53,820 --> 00:01:57,840
So triple codes, a string can extent multiple lines.

27
00:01:58,140 --> 00:02:03,600
So in place of this single double code, if we can put a single triple code here, then what we the

28
00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:07,900
outcome are going to get any change in the outcome in the case.

29
00:02:08,820 --> 00:02:14,280
So let me go for execution on finding that I'm getting the same output as I got earlier.

30
00:02:14,670 --> 00:02:16,520
So accessing characters in the string.

31
00:02:16,530 --> 00:02:18,810
So here my state is equal to language.

32
00:02:18,810 --> 00:02:21,120
And then I printed this my estimate here.

33
00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:27,770
So language has got printed and then I'm retrieving the character at the Zero Index, so I shall tip

34
00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:28,110
this.

35
00:02:28,110 --> 00:02:30,990
L So l has got print it now minus one.

36
00:02:31,470 --> 00:02:36,930
That means from the last from the back where this, this particular E is having the index minus one

37
00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:40,920
and from the front this E will have the index that is zero.

38
00:02:40,920 --> 00:02:43,840
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven.

39
00:02:44,310 --> 00:02:48,240
So if we, if we print there seven, if we just I'm just printing here the once again.

40
00:02:49,790 --> 00:02:56,480
So you can find that so in the bookcases, in the bookcases I shall be getting, this has got printed

41
00:02:56,540 --> 00:02:58,160
at seven or minus one.

42
00:02:58,520 --> 00:03:04,910
So minus one means that there is a starting character index from the from the back, from the tail of

43
00:03:04,910 --> 00:03:05,350
the string.

44
00:03:05,870 --> 00:03:07,360
So next one is one to five.

45
00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:13,430
That means index number one, two, three and four because five will be almost exclusively the stopping

46
00:03:13,460 --> 00:03:15,630
index number will be almost exclusive.

47
00:03:15,800 --> 00:03:19,040
So one, two, five mins, one, two, three, four.

48
00:03:19,430 --> 00:03:24,820
So here we are mentioning this this one and why they were separated by this column.

49
00:03:25,250 --> 00:03:27,790
So that is my zero so zero I'm not going to take.

50
00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:31,240
So there is a character at the present index one.

51
00:03:31,250 --> 00:03:33,480
So one, two, three, four.

52
00:03:33,830 --> 00:03:38,260
So I've taken this eight and G.U. and you see we are getting this output like this.

53
00:03:38,750 --> 00:03:43,910
So now here I am having this four minus two sorry, five minus two.

54
00:03:43,940 --> 00:03:44,990
So there is a five year.

55
00:03:45,350 --> 00:03:49,840
So I'm going to take this one as zero one, two, three, four, five.

56
00:03:50,120 --> 00:03:53,190
So that means we're having this one as five here.

57
00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:55,820
So now we are having this one as minus two.

58
00:03:56,060 --> 00:03:57,230
So that is minus one.

59
00:03:57,230 --> 00:04:02,650
Minus two, you know, that will be will be taking this stopping index as exclusive.

60
00:04:02,900 --> 00:04:04,850
So I'll be remaining with this only.

61
00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:06,490
So it has got printed.

62
00:04:06,890 --> 00:04:13,520
So that means Hypercolor minus two means from the character and to the minus three characters.

63
00:04:13,640 --> 00:04:18,230
So minus three means this is my minus one, these are minus two and minus three.

64
00:04:18,230 --> 00:04:20,320
So that's, that's why it has got printed.

65
00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:26,750
So but if I make this one sport, if I make this minus four, then obviously we're getting the output

66
00:04:26,750 --> 00:04:27,350
like this.

67
00:04:27,350 --> 00:04:29,320
So that is you eight in that case.

68
00:04:29,580 --> 00:04:31,070
Now here you see this 10.

69
00:04:31,070 --> 00:04:37,010
The index is not present here because this language is having we are having, say, eight characters.

70
00:04:37,010 --> 00:04:39,100
So index will be ranging from zero to seven.

71
00:04:39,110 --> 00:04:41,390
So then index is not a valid one.

72
00:04:41,420 --> 00:04:48,170
So if I want to access the 10th character, so character at the 10th index, so we are getting this

73
00:04:48,170 --> 00:04:51,260
index error, so string index out of French.

74
00:04:51,260 --> 00:04:53,060
So that is the error message you are getting here.

75
00:04:53,420 --> 00:04:55,000
OK, now we're going for this.

76
00:04:55,640 --> 00:04:57,860
So here we have defined this language.

77
00:04:57,860 --> 00:04:59,570
So strings are immutable.

78
00:04:59,570 --> 00:05:04,750
That means they cannot be changed, but the different strings can be assigned to the string object.

79
00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:08,000
So if we bring this mindstate, I'm getting this language.

80
00:05:08,480 --> 00:05:14,150
But if we if we want to update it, I want to put another new string to this milestone in the same biddable

81
00:05:14,420 --> 00:05:20,690
that is allowed by default to update the third character of the string that is not allowed as it is

82
00:05:20,690 --> 00:05:21,260
immutable.

83
00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:30,040
So there is a time period and it's their object does not support item, item assignment, so that is

84
00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:34,480
that there is an error message we are getting and in the error name is type error.

85
00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:40,840
Next one, we're going for the concatenation of the string and that can be done using plus so dear one

86
00:05:40,840 --> 00:05:45,100
and my two containing welcome and one blank space and then two on.

87
00:05:45,550 --> 00:05:49,210
So now when they are going for the concatenation I'm getting the outcome.

88
00:05:49,210 --> 00:05:49,660
This one.

89
00:05:49,670 --> 00:05:56,050
So welcome to all this blank space is essential because otherwise this will come and two will not have

90
00:05:56,050 --> 00:05:56,920
any separation.

91
00:05:57,220 --> 00:05:58,720
So they will get concatenated.

92
00:05:58,720 --> 00:05:59,320
Side-By-Side.

93
00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:04,590
So now here you are having this, that is my Mystere start three.

94
00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:07,060
So what will happen to my Asgeir start three.

95
00:06:07,130 --> 00:06:12,810
So this particular my dear, will be orcharding for my usted one will be orcharding for three times.

96
00:06:13,090 --> 00:06:14,800
So welcome, welcome, welcome.

97
00:06:14,830 --> 00:06:22,330
So in this way we are going to get the request from the string so we can do the string on concatenation,

98
00:06:22,330 --> 00:06:26,040
either using star or using the plus operators.

99
00:06:27,040 --> 00:06:30,490
Now we're going to discuss or plot and start what I have discussed.

100
00:06:30,490 --> 00:06:33,100
No iterating through our string here.

101
00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:35,160
So later, count is digital.

102
00:06:35,440 --> 00:06:40,910
So four letters in haloed if the letter is is going to is equal to L.

103
00:06:41,230 --> 00:06:43,570
So now letter count is equal to one.

104
00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:44,420
So what will happen?

105
00:06:44,440 --> 00:06:48,950
So I will go on counting the number of occurrences of this character.

106
00:06:49,510 --> 00:06:54,460
So that's why each and every time the volume for Loop will pick up one character at a time and that

107
00:06:54,460 --> 00:06:55,630
will be put in the letters.

108
00:06:55,930 --> 00:06:59,920
So if letters is integral to the letter, count will be increased by one.

109
00:07:00,220 --> 00:07:05,290
And after exiting from the indentation, you are getting this idea that this print is outside of the

110
00:07:05,410 --> 00:07:06,370
for loop.

111
00:07:06,640 --> 00:07:08,860
So letter count will be printed accordingly.

112
00:07:08,890 --> 00:07:11,230
So if you go on executing, I'm getting that three times.

113
00:07:11,470 --> 00:07:13,600
Each letter has been found here.

114
00:07:14,320 --> 00:07:16,120
Now we are going for the string membership.

115
00:07:16,510 --> 00:07:18,000
So L in hello.

116
00:07:18,010 --> 00:07:21,340
So Alien Hello will return true lotting.

117
00:07:21,340 --> 00:07:24,880
Hello will return false B in hello will return false.

118
00:07:25,090 --> 00:07:26,410
B not in hello.

119
00:07:26,410 --> 00:07:27,490
Will return still here.

120
00:07:30,010 --> 00:07:35,760
Built in functions, built in function, so we're having this university and then we shall go for the

121
00:07:35,770 --> 00:07:39,700
enumerate, so least enumerate Mystere.

122
00:07:39,970 --> 00:07:40,810
So what will happen?

123
00:07:40,810 --> 00:07:43,380
It'll go on forming this enumeration.

124
00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:48,350
So at first it'll put the respective respective index.

125
00:07:48,400 --> 00:07:50,810
And then we're having the respective character here.

126
00:07:51,250 --> 00:07:53,200
So in this way, we're having this index zero.

127
00:07:53,200 --> 00:07:59,350
You index one end in this way or having this index nine y because universities having 10 characters.

128
00:07:59,350 --> 00:08:01,540
So index will be ranging from zero to nine.

129
00:08:01,750 --> 00:08:03,140
And in this way you are getting it.

130
00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:09,010
So here you see we are forming a list, we are forming a list because we are just converting it to a

131
00:08:09,010 --> 00:08:09,430
list.

132
00:08:09,550 --> 00:08:14,890
And then the members are nothing but that tuples that members are nothing but a tuples because they

133
00:08:14,890 --> 00:08:19,090
have got separated by commas and they have got enclose within Fastback.

134
00:08:19,090 --> 00:08:22,600
And so they are the simple, simple tuples on list of couples who are getting hit.

135
00:08:23,200 --> 00:08:26,110
A list of Mystere will be then accordingly.

136
00:08:26,740 --> 00:08:30,010
And here we have used a method that is the enumerate.

137
00:08:33,590 --> 00:08:36,290
Now, we shall deal with this single quote, end quote.

138
00:08:36,440 --> 00:08:38,570
So what we shall do that?

139
00:08:38,570 --> 00:08:40,370
Let us suppose I'm going to print this one.

140
00:08:41,800 --> 00:08:45,850
So when I'm going to bring this one, it is producing one error, right, error, because this is a

141
00:08:45,850 --> 00:08:47,680
double code, this is one double code.

142
00:08:47,680 --> 00:08:51,520
So it'll take this double header dominating as a dominating double gold.

143
00:08:51,970 --> 00:08:53,760
So that's why it is causing error here.

144
00:08:54,190 --> 00:08:56,430
And also this what is it?

145
00:08:57,280 --> 00:09:01,680
It is telling that invalid syntax because the codes are not matching.

146
00:09:02,200 --> 00:09:03,530
So quotes are not balanced.

147
00:09:03,530 --> 00:09:09,920
So to right the statement here to write the string getting printed on the output, we can go for this.

148
00:09:10,300 --> 00:09:17,230
So what we are doing, we're enclosing it within single quotes and this particular string is still within

149
00:09:17,230 --> 00:09:17,450
double.

150
00:09:17,690 --> 00:09:19,780
So now you see we're getting Dropcam like this.

151
00:09:20,260 --> 00:09:27,160
Others, we can include the mainstream within single codes and putting this one as the double code can

152
00:09:27,160 --> 00:09:27,400
here.

153
00:09:27,410 --> 00:09:32,860
This particular single code is there and we are going for the escape character.

154
00:09:32,870 --> 00:09:38,460
So there is a single code and which will be known as escape goats that escape single codes.

155
00:09:38,620 --> 00:09:43,640
So whenever we are going to print, it will print their respective only this single code here.

156
00:09:44,260 --> 00:09:47,120
So now we are having this skipping single code.

157
00:09:47,140 --> 00:09:49,540
So now in closing, we're doing the reverse.

158
00:09:49,540 --> 00:09:53,890
Actually, here we have put this single code as an outer one and double code.

159
00:09:53,890 --> 00:09:55,060
That is the inner one.

160
00:09:55,060 --> 00:10:00,310
But if you go for the double cross as the outer one and single course as the inner one, then obviously

161
00:10:00,310 --> 00:10:02,470
this single course will get printed here.

162
00:10:02,890 --> 00:10:04,740
Otherwise we can go for this.

163
00:10:05,110 --> 00:10:07,420
That means we can skipping double codes.

164
00:10:07,420 --> 00:10:10,030
That means we're going for this slash double code.

165
00:10:10,030 --> 00:10:15,310
So here, this double code will be treated as a cat character, not the beginning of the of the ending

166
00:10:15,310 --> 00:10:15,930
of a string.

167
00:10:16,210 --> 00:10:19,470
So that's why we are going for the escaping double also.

168
00:10:19,870 --> 00:10:21,650
So when the string will get printed.

169
00:10:21,670 --> 00:10:27,550
So slash double code will be printed as only a single a double code and slash double code will be printed

170
00:10:27,550 --> 00:10:29,750
as only a single as a single double code.

171
00:10:30,070 --> 00:10:32,680
And here we are having this single code is there.

172
00:10:32,680 --> 00:10:34,210
So that will not cause any problem.

173
00:10:34,420 --> 00:10:38,440
So in this way, the string can be printed in various of ways.

174
00:10:40,030 --> 00:10:47,620
So either using triple quotes or using escaping the single codes, escape into single codes once again

175
00:10:47,620 --> 00:10:50,410
and then escaping the double codes once again.

176
00:10:54,230 --> 00:10:59,360
Next, we are going for this, so here you see this is a print, I want to make it printed.

177
00:10:59,840 --> 00:11:03,300
So whenever we are having double slash, it will print as single slash.

178
00:11:03,300 --> 00:11:06,290
Here you can find we are printing this one as a single slash.

179
00:11:07,260 --> 00:11:12,840
But actually, industry, we're having the double slash, so this is having a new line, there is a

180
00:11:12,840 --> 00:11:14,460
slash and so what will happen?

181
00:11:14,460 --> 00:11:16,860
It'll go to the next line without having to slash.

182
00:11:17,100 --> 00:11:17,790
There is a gap.

183
00:11:17,790 --> 00:11:20,970
So there is a separate is there for eight characters.

184
00:11:21,270 --> 00:11:25,290
And then we can also write in this way, that is slash X 41.

185
00:11:25,290 --> 00:11:28,340
So 41 will be treated as in hexadecimal.

186
00:11:28,590 --> 00:11:30,930
So what is the decimal value against four to one?

187
00:11:31,170 --> 00:11:36,600
So forward into six to the one that is 64 plus one in two six zero.

188
00:11:36,660 --> 00:11:37,360
That is one.

189
00:11:37,740 --> 00:11:39,120
So 64 plus one.

190
00:11:39,120 --> 00:11:39,960
That is 65.

191
00:11:40,200 --> 00:11:43,110
Which character is having this asking for six to five.

192
00:11:43,110 --> 00:11:44,370
That is of a capital eight.

193
00:11:44,550 --> 00:11:50,010
So it is similarly we are having this capital B, similarly we are having this capital C, so this ABC

194
00:11:50,010 --> 00:11:50,610
will be there.

195
00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:53,850
So in this way, you can also print the respective string.

196
00:11:55,130 --> 00:11:58,520
What having this format so different order is equal to.

197
00:11:58,550 --> 00:12:03,610
So now we here to see these other different placeholders, we're having DOT format.

198
00:12:03,830 --> 00:12:09,420
So today will be coming to this is going to be coming to this and Sunday will be coming to this placeholder.

199
00:12:09,740 --> 00:12:11,810
So here we are having this default order.

200
00:12:11,810 --> 00:12:14,750
If we go on printing, I'm getting the output like this one.

201
00:12:16,410 --> 00:12:24,540
So today is and Sunday, so we are getting this, today is and Sunday, so today is coming to this is

202
00:12:24,560 --> 00:12:25,210
is coming today.

203
00:12:25,230 --> 00:12:26,480
So they are maintaining the order.

204
00:12:26,490 --> 00:12:28,410
There is a default implicit order.

205
00:12:28,710 --> 00:12:30,840
And here you are using this format method.

206
00:12:31,260 --> 00:12:33,610
So already using positional argument.

207
00:12:33,630 --> 00:12:35,910
So here this is my argument.

208
00:12:35,910 --> 00:12:37,260
No argument, No.

209
00:12:37,260 --> 00:12:37,650
One.

210
00:12:37,650 --> 00:12:39,040
Argument number two.

211
00:12:39,070 --> 00:12:42,490
So the positional arguments, the numbering will be something like this.

212
00:12:42,780 --> 00:12:46,640
So he had mentioned in the argument, but no here.

213
00:12:46,920 --> 00:12:47,700
So that is up.

214
00:12:48,210 --> 00:12:50,220
So one means today will be coming down.

215
00:12:50,230 --> 00:12:56,070
So zero minutes is will be coming down here and sun will be coming down to this particular placeholder

216
00:12:56,340 --> 00:12:57,060
during the hour.

217
00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:03,870
So you can find that today is and Sunday so ordered using keyword argument.

218
00:13:03,880 --> 00:13:10,940
So here you can mention this one I as is to is d as is equal to today and this is equal to Sun.

219
00:13:10,950 --> 00:13:15,170
So here you are mentioning the respective keyword arguments there.

220
00:13:15,360 --> 00:13:19,610
So there is DS and we are getting the output count output like this one.

221
00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:21,990
So that is another way to print our string.

222
00:13:24,450 --> 00:13:25,570
Formatting numbers.

223
00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:31,370
So here to see where having this format 20 20 is only one argument is there?

224
00:13:31,380 --> 00:13:33,640
So it is argument position number is zero.

225
00:13:33,990 --> 00:13:38,280
So we are printing here and here, printing zero, but in the binary format.

226
00:13:38,550 --> 00:13:43,680
So whatever the outcome in the case, so 20 will be printed along with this 20 in the binary form,

227
00:13:43,680 --> 00:13:47,120
that is 16 plus four and that is our 20.

228
00:13:47,820 --> 00:13:50,940
So now we are having this formatting float's.

229
00:13:50,940 --> 00:13:52,430
We can go for this formatting.

230
00:13:52,800 --> 00:13:54,900
So now we are having the zero that wins.

231
00:13:54,900 --> 00:14:00,140
This particular number is going to get printed and that will be printed in this EXPONENTIATION format.

232
00:14:00,960 --> 00:14:06,880
And now we are having this one by three and we're going to bring this one, this argument number, Giteau

233
00:14:07,170 --> 00:14:08,210
and then Kolon.

234
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:11,160
That is that decimal point 3F.

235
00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:16,290
So after the decimal point will be going to have about three decimal digits.

236
00:14:17,410 --> 00:14:24,060
But having this particular strings and having the string method, there is a lot apart find and we are

237
00:14:24,060 --> 00:14:29,700
having the plus Soyinka's look at all the string characters will be converted to the lowercase in case

238
00:14:29,700 --> 00:14:34,530
of apart, all the string characters will be converted to the uppercase irrespective of the initial

239
00:14:34,530 --> 00:14:35,060
case here.

240
00:14:35,490 --> 00:14:36,610
So find two.

241
00:14:36,930 --> 00:14:40,190
So these two will be found at the 13th index.

242
00:14:40,200 --> 00:14:41,470
So let me go on counting here.

243
00:14:41,790 --> 00:14:47,140
So that is about one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 11, 12.

244
00:14:47,820 --> 00:14:50,610
And from the 13 index, these two is beginning.

245
00:14:50,670 --> 00:14:52,790
So that's why I'm getting here 13.

246
00:14:53,190 --> 00:14:59,400
But if you go on searching this to all this DNA in the lowercase, we may not get a match because it

247
00:14:59,400 --> 00:15:01,360
is a sensitive find.

248
00:15:01,590 --> 00:15:06,720
So as a result of that, it will give me the outcome as a minus one means unsuccessful searching.

249
00:15:07,230 --> 00:15:13,770
So replace all by everybody and it plus all by everybody know heresy there that if you consider the

250
00:15:13,770 --> 00:15:18,330
case insensitivities, if you are getting a match, so all will be replaced by everybody.

251
00:15:18,330 --> 00:15:19,050
But here it is.

252
00:15:19,050 --> 00:15:24,320
All is written all in lowercase, so hll so everybody cannot replace it.

253
00:15:24,510 --> 00:15:29,130
So because that is not a no match has been observed using this replace method.

254
00:15:29,520 --> 00:15:34,500
So in this way we have discussed that how to operate the string and what are the different string methods

255
00:15:34,500 --> 00:15:37,500
and operations can be carried out in this session.

256
00:15:37,890 --> 00:15:39,090
Thanks for watching this video.