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You need to know the difference between an ad hoc mode, wireless network and an infrastructure mode

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wireless network.

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In ad hoc mode, we have two devices as an example that talk directly to each other.

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So in this example, I've got two Windows laptops and I'm going to show you how to set them up using

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ad hoc mode so that we can set them up to talk to each other directly without an access point.

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Typically these days we use infrastructure mode where we have a wireless access point or wireless router,

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and communication from device to device is via the access point.

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So they don't talk directly to each other.

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They talk to each other through or via the access point.

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Okay.

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A little bit of theory by design.

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ADA 2.11 Networks of Flexible.

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ADA 2.11 is the triple E standard for wi fi.

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So we have examples such as ADA 2.11 AX That's wi fi six or 82.11 AC That's a wi fi five.

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We have other examples.

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ADA 2.11 A, B, G and N.

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As an example, there are three types of topologies.

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We have what is called independent basic service sets, or IBC.

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That's basically an ad hoc network.

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That's what we covering in this video.

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We've got basic service set and extended service set.

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These use infrastructure mode.

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A service set is basically a logical grouping of devices.

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In this example, I'm using wi fi Explorer Pro to see which networks are being advertised and which

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networks.

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My MacBook can see there's a free version of this that you can download for Mac if you've got a Windows

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computer.

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I would suggest that you download WiFi analyzer.

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This is a free application that you can get from the Windows store and this gives you similar kind of

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information.

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Not as detailed, but it'll allow me to see which networks are being broadcast.

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We can see the power.

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We can see which encryption modes are being used.

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Which standard is being used?

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So this is 82.11 AC as an example.

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Scrolling down.

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We can see that the Netgear 75 supports 82.11 a x so wi fi six.

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We can see similar information in wi fi explorer pro in this example.

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It's showing that wi fi five is used by that.

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Netgear does actually support wi fi six, but we can see other information such as which channels are

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being used by various access points for both 2.4 gigahertz as well as five gigahertz.

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So as an example, in the 2.4 gigahertz range, the Netgear is using all of these channels.

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It's using a wide channel width of 40 megahertz in the five gigahertz range.

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It's using a channel width of 160 megahertz.

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So it's using a wide range of channels to basically allow me to get better throughput.

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Okay.

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But going back to the theory, the one that we interested in is OC mode, also known as independent

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basic service set.

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This is where we connect to the clients without an access point.

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So I'm going to connect those two laptops directly to one another without the use of an access point.

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But you need to make sure that the network interface card supports this capability.

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So I'll show you how to determine that on both these laptops.

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In infrastructure mode, we have an access point.

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An access point could be something like this.

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This is a Cisco access point.

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This access point supports Wi-Fi six.

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Quite an expensive access point.

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You need to typically configure this with a wireless controller.

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So this is not the only device that's used.

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Access points from Cisco, such as the support either lightweight mode where they are controlled by

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an external controller, or they can be autonomous access points where they do everything themselves.

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That depends on the access point.

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Here's an example of a home router.

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This is a tp-link router.

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Notice it has wireless antennas.

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This acts as a router as well as an access point.

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This is a dedicated access point.

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Okay, so when we using infrastructure mode, the access point is connected to a physical network such

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as a switch.

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So the access point is connected to physical infrastructure.

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But we've only got one access point.

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I mean, for your home Internet router as an example, this router has Ethernet ports and an Internet

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port, so it's not just going to be there by itself.

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You are connecting this device to a physical infrastructure.

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So as an example, you may have a printer that doesn't support WiFi, so you would connect it to the

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physical network using Ethernet cables, and then you'd be able to print to that printer through wi

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fi onto the physical Ethernet network.

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But I mean, the most common example is that you want to connect to the Internet, either via cable

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or DSL or some other type of technology, fibre to home, maybe.

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So this connection allows me to connect through wi fi onto the internet.

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So hence the term infrastructure mode.

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We are connecting to some type of infrastructure.

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So the access point may be connected to a switch, which may be connected to a router, which may be

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connected to the Internet as an example.

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Now, in a extended service set, we have multiple access points.

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Now, this may be fine for your home network, but it's not going to work if you've got a large campus

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or a large university environment.

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In that case, you need multiple access points.

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You wouldn't run an entire university on one access point.

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It's not going to work very well.

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There are many reasons.

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Obviously, one of them is distance.

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The power from this access point can only broadcast the signal a certain distance.

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It won't cover the entire university campus.

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And obviously you don't want thousands of people connected to one access point.

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The Internet throughput would be terrible.

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They wouldn't be able to browse the Internet or do very much if everyone's connecting to a single access

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point.

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So the idea is, is that you have two or more basic service sets to give you an extended service set.

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So we have multiple access points.

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In this example, we've got two access points connecting to a single switch.

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Obviously, in a large campus environment or large university environment, you're going to have many

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access points, many switches, many devices to give you the scale to handle thousands of students or

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thousands of employees.

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So this switch may, as an example, connect to a router which again can access to the Internet.

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It's connected via a common distribution system, in other words, a common physical network that allows

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multiple users to connect to the wi fi network and then get to the Internet or get to servers and other

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systems on the physical network.

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So these are the steps to configure an ad hoc network.

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On a Windows computer.

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First thing we need to do is open a command prompt.

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As an administrator, you need to make sure that your card supports this feature.

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I'll show you two examples that Windows ten Laptop doesn't support the feature.

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Windows eight laptop does.

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Next thing we need to do is set up a ad hoc wifi network.

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So we're going to use this command and set up a side and SSID is a service set identifier that's basically

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a name for a network, a human readable name.

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So going back to my Windows computer.

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Notice ABC one five gigahertz is the SSID for this network, but there is the MAC address of the network.

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On WiFi Explorer it shows you that a little bit better.

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So as an example, here are the basic service set identifiers.

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In other words, the MAC addresses of the access points.

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And then we've got the network name SSIDs or these.

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Notice she has a hidden network, but that doesn't stop me finding it.

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So even if you don't broadcast and ssid very easy to find networks out there using applications like

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this.

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So here are different networks.

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This is IDs and they basic service set identifiers, which is essentially the MAC address.

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So basically the basic service set identifier is the MAC address of the human name that's broadcast

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into the air.

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That's typically what you're going to see as an example when you.

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Look on your laptop and you look for all the networks that are being advertised so that you can connect

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to the correct network.

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You also need to specify the key, which is basically the password to connect to the wi fi network.

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And then the last step is to actually start the network.

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Once you've finished, you would type the command stop to stop that network from being broadcast.

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But initially, you've got to stop the network and advertise it.