1
00:00:09,030 --> 00:00:15,540
So 6 to 4 tunnels must use this address range 2000 to colon colon slash 16.

2
00:00:15,930 --> 00:00:21,690
As I've mentioned, this is a special address assigned by the Ayana specifically for 6 to 4 tunnels.

3
00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:27,690
The advantage of this method is it allows for the establishment of automatic tunnels and it gives a

4
00:00:27,690 --> 00:00:30,930
prefix to the attached IP version six network.

5
00:00:31,380 --> 00:00:37,470
The IP version for address is converted to hexadecimal and added to this address.

6
00:00:38,100 --> 00:00:42,540
So 16 bits plus 32 bits gives you 48.

7
00:00:42,780 --> 00:00:45,810
So the subnets must have a mosque of 48.

8
00:00:46,020 --> 00:00:54,690
Note this IP address 192168 99.1, which is the IP address of router one's interface.

9
00:00:54,690 --> 00:01:02,250
Connecting to this IP version for infrastructure 192168 30.1 is the IP address of router two connecting

10
00:01:02,250 --> 00:01:04,230
to the IP version for infrastructure.

11
00:01:04,530 --> 00:01:12,840
Now using a Windows calculator, 192 in decimal equals C zero in hexadecimal.

12
00:01:14,410 --> 00:01:19,630
168 in decimal equals eight in hexadecimal.

13
00:01:21,660 --> 00:01:29,130
In other words, this portion of the address is the hexadecimal representation of this IP address.

14
00:01:31,160 --> 00:01:37,280
This portion of this address is the hexadecimal representation of 1921682 30.1.

15
00:01:37,760 --> 00:01:45,500
So when traffic is sent from this MacBook to this network, rather one knows that it needs to encapsulate

16
00:01:45,500 --> 00:01:52,280
that traffic and send it to 192168 30.1 and vice versa.

17
00:01:52,520 --> 00:01:59,270
When this server sends traffic to this MacBook on this network, it's going to send it to its default.

18
00:01:59,270 --> 00:02:06,200
Gateway router to router two knows that it needs to send that traffic to this IP address, which is

19
00:02:06,200 --> 00:02:13,640
the IP address of router one because of the information contained in the IP version six address router

20
00:02:13,640 --> 00:02:19,970
two will then encapsulate that IP version six traffic inside an IP version four tunnel and send it to

21
00:02:19,970 --> 00:02:20,900
router one.

22
00:02:21,290 --> 00:02:28,130
We will then decapitate it and send it as an IP version six packet to the MacBook Interest site.

23
00:02:28,130 --> 00:02:34,610
Automatic Tunnel Addressing protocol is an automatic overlay tunneling mechanism that once again uses

24
00:02:34,610 --> 00:02:38,810
IP version four as a link layer for IP version six.

25
00:02:38,990 --> 00:02:46,310
These type of tunnels allow individual IP version four, IP version six dual stack hosts within a site

26
00:02:46,340 --> 00:02:51,530
to communicate with other hosts on a virtual link, creating an IP version six network.

27
00:02:51,530 --> 00:02:53,750
Using the IP version for infrastructure.

28
00:02:54,020 --> 00:03:01,700
It would allow a host, for example, to set up a dynamic IP version six tunnel to a Cisco router across

29
00:03:01,700 --> 00:03:03,650
an IP version for infrastructure.

30
00:03:03,950 --> 00:03:10,220
Teredo Tunneling allows for host to host automatic tunneling instead of gateway tunneling.

31
00:03:10,520 --> 00:03:18,530
It can be used to pause unicast IPV six traffic when dual stack hosts are located behind one or multiple

32
00:03:18,530 --> 00:03:22,880
IP version four network address translators for this course.

33
00:03:22,880 --> 00:03:26,750
Don't worry too much about the technical details of these two tunneling methods.

34
00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:29,480
Just recognize that they are valid.

35
00:03:29,660 --> 00:03:33,560
IP version four to IP Version six Transition Mechanisms.

36
00:03:34,250 --> 00:03:38,330
Now let's look at tunneling IP version six over IP version four.

37
00:03:38,540 --> 00:03:41,930
So on our when we are only going to run IP version four.

38
00:03:42,620 --> 00:03:49,940
So on serial zero zero, we're going to configure ten 1 to 1 on R one and an R to serial zero zero.

39
00:03:49,940 --> 00:03:52,490
We're only going to configure ten 1 to 2.

40
00:03:52,790 --> 00:03:54,080
So on router one.

41
00:03:54,790 --> 00:04:02,230
Short run interface several zero zero shows us that we still have IP version six.

42
00:04:03,430 --> 00:04:04,240
Configured.

43
00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:05,560
So let's remove that.

44
00:04:12,430 --> 00:04:18,490
Do show run interface 000 shows us that the IP address is removed.

45
00:04:19,329 --> 00:04:22,600
Let's remove RIP just to clean up the configs.

46
00:04:35,730 --> 00:04:40,830
And as you can see, all IP version six configuration has been removed from this interface.

47
00:04:41,400 --> 00:04:43,110
Let's do the same on router two.

48
00:04:49,680 --> 00:04:50,190
So.

49
00:04:50,190 --> 00:04:51,630
Interface Serial zero zero.

50
00:04:51,660 --> 00:04:51,940
No.

51
00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:53,250
IPV six.

52
00:04:53,280 --> 00:04:55,020
Address No.

53
00:04:55,020 --> 00:04:56,340
IPV six.

54
00:05:00,140 --> 00:05:00,860
Enable.

55
00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:07,730
Once again, only IP version form this interface.

56
00:05:08,730 --> 00:05:13,320
So back on router one I typed show IPV six route.

57
00:05:14,030 --> 00:05:16,500
It'll only see the local routes.

58
00:05:16,860 --> 00:05:18,780
I will not be able to ping.

59
00:05:23,260 --> 00:05:27,910
This remote network because there's no IP version six connectivity.

60
00:05:29,330 --> 00:05:31,400
From Misrata to Misrata.

61
00:05:32,330 --> 00:05:39,800
So just to sum up, show run interface, if zero zero shows us that we're not running IP version four

62
00:05:39,830 --> 00:05:41,600
on the first Ethernet interface.

63
00:05:45,060 --> 00:05:51,450
And we are not running IP version six on the serial interface of our one on our T.

64
00:05:54,010 --> 00:06:00,340
Show run interface if zero zero shows us that we're not running IP version four on the first Ethernet

65
00:06:00,340 --> 00:06:01,090
interface.

66
00:06:04,330 --> 00:06:07,930
And we are not running IP version six on the serial interface.

67
00:06:08,350 --> 00:06:15,220
So let's set up a tunnel to allow connectivity between the IP version six networks.

68
00:06:15,340 --> 00:06:17,710
So to do that, you have to create a tunnel interface.

69
00:06:17,710 --> 00:06:19,660
So I'm going to say interface tunnel zero.

70
00:06:19,840 --> 00:06:25,060
I'm going to be lazy now and just say IPV six Address 2003.

71
00:06:25,060 --> 00:06:25,480
Colon.

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00:06:25,480 --> 00:06:26,530
Colon one.

73
00:06:28,380 --> 00:06:32,280
Specify the tunnel source as 10.1 to 2.1.

74
00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:42,120
The tunnel destination is going to be ten at 1.2.2, which is this IP address on the serial interface

75
00:06:42,120 --> 00:06:50,250
of R to the tunnel mode is going to be IPV six IP.

76
00:06:51,120 --> 00:06:53,730
Otherwise the default of Greece would be used.

77
00:06:56,980 --> 00:06:59,410
In this case, I'm going to specify a static route.

78
00:07:09,020 --> 00:07:16,020
So this route is available through tunnel zero on route one, on Route two.

79
00:07:16,040 --> 00:07:17,330
I can do something similar.

80
00:07:18,050 --> 00:07:23,960
So create a tunnel interface, specify an IP version six address.

81
00:07:29,070 --> 00:07:30,780
Specify the tunnel source.

82
00:07:33,430 --> 00:07:34,720
Final destination.

83
00:07:37,570 --> 00:07:38,590
Tunnel mode.

84
00:07:40,680 --> 00:07:41,770
Notice that various options.

85
00:07:41,770 --> 00:07:41,960
Yeah.

86
00:07:41,970 --> 00:07:45,750
We're going to go for IPV six over IP encapsulation.

87
00:07:47,550 --> 00:07:49,940
Specify a steady grant.

88
00:07:57,100 --> 00:07:57,220
Now.

89
00:07:57,220 --> 00:07:58,260
Let's see if it works.

90
00:07:58,270 --> 00:08:01,030
So on router one show.

91
00:08:01,060 --> 00:08:02,860
IPV six rout.

92
00:08:03,490 --> 00:08:07,060
Shows me that static route through tunnel zero.

93
00:08:07,420 --> 00:08:13,630
So let's ping 2001 colon one colon, one colon three colon colon one.

94
00:08:14,290 --> 00:08:16,030
And as you can see, it succeeds.

95
00:08:16,550 --> 00:08:17,800
We do a trace.

96
00:08:23,190 --> 00:08:26,210
You can see it succeeds just to prove this to you again.

97
00:08:26,220 --> 00:08:27,750
If I shut the tunnel down.

98
00:08:30,550 --> 00:08:31,890
And then try and do a ping.

99
00:08:33,260 --> 00:08:36,020
The ping will timeout, as you can see there.

100
00:08:37,700 --> 00:08:38,630
Do that again.

101
00:08:40,900 --> 00:08:43,059
So let's not shut the tunnel.

102
00:08:45,400 --> 00:08:46,750
Tunneling devices come up.

103
00:08:48,940 --> 00:08:49,930
And there you go.

104
00:08:50,140 --> 00:08:53,290
It's working because the tunnel is now up and functioning.

105
00:08:54,850 --> 00:08:56,170
Proxy and translation.

106
00:08:56,170 --> 00:09:02,830
In other words, net PTT or network address translation protocol translation allows for the translation

107
00:09:02,830 --> 00:09:05,930
of both IP addresses and protocols.

108
00:09:05,950 --> 00:09:11,590
In other words, this host on the left hand side only communicates using IP version for the host.

109
00:09:11,590 --> 00:09:15,160
On the right hand side only communicates using IP version six.

110
00:09:15,460 --> 00:09:22,330
The router in the middle can act as a translator, translating between IP version four and IP version

111
00:09:22,330 --> 00:09:24,670
six and vice versa.

112
00:09:25,500 --> 00:09:27,720
I'm going to demonstrate this in a moment.

113
00:09:28,750 --> 00:09:33,910
So let's look at an example of configuring net PPT or net protocol translation.

114
00:09:34,390 --> 00:09:42,970
Rather one is only running IP version six router two is doing protocol translation between IPV six on

115
00:09:42,970 --> 00:09:50,440
its serial zero zero interface and IP version four on its Fost Ethernet zero zero interface router three

116
00:09:50,440 --> 00:09:52,570
is only running IP version four.

117
00:09:54,230 --> 00:09:54,610
En route.

118
00:09:54,620 --> 00:10:02,040
A one show IP interface brief shows you that there are no IP addresses configured on any interfaces.

119
00:10:02,060 --> 00:10:05,600
In other words, there is no IP version for running on this router.

120
00:10:05,780 --> 00:10:13,250
Show IPV six Interface Brief shows you that we have this IP address configured on the serial zero zero

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00:10:13,250 --> 00:10:14,060
interface.

122
00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:16,110
Conrad a three.

123
00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:19,780
Show IP interface brief.

124
00:10:20,700 --> 00:10:28,020
Shows me that I'll have IP address ten 112 configured on fast ethernet zero zero as per I diagram show

125
00:10:28,020 --> 00:10:30,600
IPV six interface brief.

126
00:10:31,320 --> 00:10:37,830
Shows me that I have no IP addresses configured on the router, so no IPV six is running on the router.

127
00:10:38,860 --> 00:10:40,090
En route to.

128
00:10:41,100 --> 00:10:48,600
Show IP interface brief shows me that I have IP address ten 111 configured on the first Ethernet interface,

129
00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:53,970
but no other IP addresses show IPV six interface brief.

130
00:10:55,460 --> 00:11:01,310
Shows me that I have this IP address configured on the serial interface as per our diagram.

131
00:11:01,740 --> 00:11:03,170
Now I've configured.

132
00:11:04,360 --> 00:11:09,370
This command IPV six net on the first Ethernet interface.

133
00:11:12,120 --> 00:11:14,940
As well as on the serial interface.

134
00:11:15,210 --> 00:11:20,910
Again, you can see the IP address on the first Ethernet interfaces, IP version four and the IP address

135
00:11:20,910 --> 00:11:23,790
on the serial interfaces IP version six.

136
00:11:24,420 --> 00:11:26,160
I've also typed these commands.

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00:11:28,690 --> 00:11:37,330
This command defines the IPv6 prefix used as the net protocol translation prefix in the IPv6 domain.

138
00:11:37,540 --> 00:11:42,100
The only prefix length supported is a slash 96.

139
00:11:42,370 --> 00:11:44,350
And then I've created static mappings.

140
00:11:44,920 --> 00:11:51,700
I'm telling the router that this IP address ten 112, which is the IP address of router three, needs

141
00:11:51,700 --> 00:11:54,670
to be translated to this IP version six address.

142
00:11:55,210 --> 00:12:02,320
I'm also telling it that this IPV six address, which is the IP address of router one, should be translated

143
00:12:02,320 --> 00:12:03,790
to this IP address.

144
00:12:03,820 --> 00:12:08,290
Notice ten 113 doesn't exist as an IP address on any device.

145
00:12:08,710 --> 00:12:10,660
Neither does this IP address.

146
00:12:11,230 --> 00:12:16,480
In the first net statement, we are translating IP version four to IP version six.

147
00:12:16,570 --> 00:12:23,410
So it's a valid IP version for address on router three configured to a fake IP address.

148
00:12:24,100 --> 00:12:28,390
In the second net command, we are doing IPV six to V for translation.

149
00:12:28,390 --> 00:12:35,680
So this is a real IP address configured on router one, going to a fake IP address in the IP version

150
00:12:35,680 --> 00:12:38,350
four domain, but within the subnet.

151
00:12:38,710 --> 00:12:48,730
So now on router one, I can ping the IPV six address associated with the IP version four address of

152
00:12:48,730 --> 00:12:49,780
router three.

153
00:12:50,870 --> 00:12:54,720
And notice the ping succeeds on router three.

154
00:12:54,740 --> 00:12:58,400
I can ping 10.1 at 1.3.

155
00:12:59,940 --> 00:13:04,830
Which is the IP version for address that represents router one.

156
00:13:06,020 --> 00:13:07,730
And notice the ping succeeds.

157
00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:14,030
To prove this, let's type debug IP ICMP on router three and then on router one.

158
00:13:14,030 --> 00:13:15,740
Do a ping to that address.

159
00:13:16,820 --> 00:13:24,440
And as you can see here, root of three is sending a reply from a source of ten one one to its IP address

160
00:13:24,440 --> 00:13:27,140
to a destination of ten 113.

161
00:13:27,320 --> 00:13:32,780
The netted IP version for address for router one's IPV six address.

162
00:13:33,870 --> 00:13:40,620
Topping the come on show IP net translation shows no translations by tapping the commands show.

163
00:13:40,650 --> 00:13:43,230
IPV six net translations.

164
00:13:43,620 --> 00:13:45,810
Shows me my net translations.

165
00:13:46,080 --> 00:13:48,360
Ten 112 is going to that address.

166
00:13:48,750 --> 00:13:50,970
Ten 113 is going to that address.

167
00:13:52,180 --> 00:13:53,920
Those are source translations.

168
00:13:53,920 --> 00:13:57,370
Notice IPV four Source two IPV six source.

169
00:13:58,250 --> 00:14:03,200
But notice this source and destination options, and that's what you're seeing over here.

170
00:14:04,370 --> 00:14:07,580
So that was an example of net translation.

171
00:14:07,970 --> 00:14:08,960
Let's do a debug.

172
00:14:08,960 --> 00:14:15,140
So debug IPV six net and let's just enable all net.

173
00:14:16,990 --> 00:14:19,630
Obviously in the real world, you need to be very careful doing that.

174
00:14:20,660 --> 00:14:22,100
And here is an example.

175
00:14:22,100 --> 00:14:30,170
You can see IP version six net translating ICMP with a source address, which is IP version six to an

176
00:14:30,170 --> 00:14:39,080
IP version for source address, going to destination of ten 112, which is IP version for the IPV six

177
00:14:39,080 --> 00:14:42,680
equivalent that we created in net is that address.

178
00:14:44,400 --> 00:14:45,600
By the same token.

179
00:14:47,240 --> 00:14:47,750
Do a ping.

180
00:14:47,750 --> 00:14:49,010
210 113.

181
00:14:50,720 --> 00:14:53,600
And you can see the net translations taking place.

182
00:14:53,630 --> 00:15:01,430
So this is an example of static IP version four to IP version six Network Address Translation, Protocol

183
00:15:01,430 --> 00:15:03,670
translation or net t.

184
00:15:04,930 --> 00:15:06,070
So what have we covered?

185
00:15:06,100 --> 00:15:08,410
I explained the need for IP version six.

186
00:15:08,740 --> 00:15:15,160
The 3rd of February 2011 was a major milestone in the history of the Internet, with the exhaustion

187
00:15:15,160 --> 00:15:17,530
of unallocated IPv4 addresses.

188
00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:21,010
We are now being forced to implement IP version six.

189
00:15:21,130 --> 00:15:23,710
I explain the format of an IP version six address.

190
00:15:23,950 --> 00:15:26,740
We looked at methods of assigning an IPv6 address.

191
00:15:27,010 --> 00:15:32,440
We spoke about the updated routing protocols which are used in IP version six environments, including

192
00:15:32,440 --> 00:15:35,170
RIP N, G and OSPF version three.

193
00:15:35,650 --> 00:15:41,800
We spoke about various implementation strategies such as tunnelling, dual stacks, net t.

194
00:15:42,040 --> 00:15:47,440
I also spent some time demonstrating the functionality of IPV six networks, including the configuration

195
00:15:47,440 --> 00:15:48,520
of RIP and G.

196
00:15:49,030 --> 00:15:50,050
Thank you for watching.