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Hello there, you beautiful people.

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And a massive congratulations from me for making it through this section of the course on managing software

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with your package manager.

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Now, I know it was a tough one with loads of new concepts for you to have to digest, but you got there

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anyway.

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And in fact we covered so many concepts in this section of the course that I wanted to take the time

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to have a quick recap of what we covered and to give you some wholehearted and well deserved praise

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for making it this far.

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So congratulations and well done.

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I don't know of any other course or resource on the internet that covers these concepts in that much

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detail.

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So you should be very proud of yourself for digesting it and making it all the way through.

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Massive congratulations.

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So let's have a quick recap of what we covered in this section of the course.

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So first, we started off by discussing the new project and free software in general.

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And you hear you learn about the history of the new project that was started by Richard Stallman in

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1983.

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Now the new project started with the aim of operate of creating an operating system based upon giving

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users freedom to control how the software was used and how it functioned.

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And you learned about the four freedoms that free software gives you, and you learn that a prerequisite

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requirement for those freedoms is to have access to the source code of the software.

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Now, because this software is openly accessible, such software is called open source software.

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Now when we headed over then we headed over to the website and downloaded, modified and compiled our

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very own version of the command so that it said Hello there, you beautiful people, whenever it was

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run.

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And in that process you saw how to configure the new C compiler using the command and you saw how to

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compile code and install it on your system.

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But this was a rather tedious process.

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And so we next introduce to you how to how to use package managers and software repositories.

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Now, Ubuntu and many other distributions have thousands and thousands of software packages available

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for you to download and try out.

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And Ubuntu.

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These packages are stored in four repositories that help keep software separated based upon the different

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freedoms and levels of reliability they give to the user.

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So the main repository is maintained by Canonical, which is the company that makes up unto and therefore

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the main repository should be your first port of call.

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The universe repository contains free software that is maintained by the community, and then you've

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got the restricted repository which contains software for device drivers, and then you've got the multiverse

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repository which contains software restricted by legal and copyright issues.

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So we then headed over to packages to and browse through the packages that are available to us.

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We saw that there are thousands and thousands of packages that can be they can each have different dependencies,

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they can have different recommendations, they can have different version numbers and so on.

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And you realize that this would be an absolute nightmare to try and organize all manually.

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And that's where you learned about the benefit of a Ubuntu package manager that will do all of that

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for us.

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Now pretty much every Linux distribution has a package manager, but the one on Ubuntu is called APT,

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which stands for Advanced Packaging Tool.

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So apt for advanced packaging tool.

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Now we then started to look at how the package manager works.

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We saw that it downloads lists of available packages into the cache on your system and you can search

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this cache for packages relevant to a search term using APT cache search and show more information about

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a given package using APT cache.

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So now the most important thing about having a cache is making sure that it's always up to date and

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you learn how to update the cache using sudo apt to get update.

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And one amazing thing about the package manager is their ability to make sure that all the software

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on your system is completely up to date in one go.

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Now to do this you use sudo apt get upgrade, but remember that you should always make sure that the

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package lists in your cache are up to date first using sudo apt get update before upgrading packages

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to the new version.

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Learn numbers using pseudo apt get upgrade.

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However, in order to be able to keep a package up to date, it needs to be installed through the package

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manager and not compiled from source.

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So to do bear that in mind and try to install packages from the software repositories wherever possible,

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which is actually the next topic that we came onto installing, you saw that you can install new packages

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on your system using sudo apt get install and the packages come pre compiled and ready to go.

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You don't even need to reboot your system.

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It's all ready to go as soon as you install it.

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And we install the X11 apps package which gave us the fun exercise package to play around with.

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And we saw so many other applications such as X Man, which is a graphical way of browsing the manual

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pages.

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But because the package is installed via the package manager a pre compiled, that means we need another

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way to take a look at the source code.

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Right.

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So then we discussed about how the Ubuntu archives are structured and how to configure our sources dot

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list file to allow us to actually download source code.

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We then downloaded the source code for the X11 apps package and took a look at the code for the exercise

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program.

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So we saw behind the scenes and this code can be compiled and installed in the same way as the code

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we download.

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Loaded from the new website.

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But remember that code that's compiled and installed manually lose it loses its ability to be kept up

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to date with the package managers.

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Oh, and by the way, everything that is on the new website is also in the software repositories, so

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you can just use the repositories going forward.

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And finally, we saw how to uninstall packages using the package manager to remove a package.

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The best method is the sudo apt get purge because that removes and removes any configuration files that

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came with the package that might just stay behind and clog up your hard drive.

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So sudo apt get purge to remove packages and when you install the package it often comes with some dependencies

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that might no longer be needed when you uninstall that package.

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So to get rid of any dangling dependencies you can use sudo apt get auto remove.

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So you also learn that when a package is installed, its dot db file is saved locally on the computer.

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And if a lot of these DB files build up, they can really take up a lot of space.

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So to remove all of these DB files you simply run sudo apt get clean.

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Now you may not want to remove them all, but instead just remove the ones that are no longer accessible

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from the repositories.

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So to do that run sudo apt get auto clean.

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Now with that you now have a solid understanding of what open source and free software is all about,

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where it came from, how to search for it, how to install it, how to manage it, and how to uninstall

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it on your new Linux computer.

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So remember that each of these pieces of software comes with its own man page for you to read and learn

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about the packages as well.

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So you've got complete freedom.

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Now, I've put a cheat sheet in the resources section for this video that lays out each of the commands

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and useful files and folders on the system that we've covered in this section, so that you can refer

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to that when you're working with packages, if you ever need a bit of a refresher.

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But in all honesty, you have come so far in this section of the course and I am so unbelievably proud

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of you.

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There is a whole massive world of software out there for you to explore, and if you can think of it,

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it's probably in the repository, so go and have an explore.

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Why not head over to packages dot com and have a search around and see and install some stuff and try

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it out.

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Now unfortunately all good things must come to an end and the time has come that we need to wrap up

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the course, so to say goodbye.

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I'll see you in the next video.