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So in the last few videos we've been learning a whole lot about our package manager and how it works,

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and we learned about the cash and what it's for, and we've learned about how to update the cash.

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And I had to upgrade all of the software on our system to the newest versions using the package manager,

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which is all super awesome stuff, but how can we install new packages?

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That's what we want to know.

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Well, with the background that you've gained from the previous videos, installing will now be really

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easy to understand and not just something that you have to memorize.

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And by the end of this video you will know how to install new software from the command line.

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So let's go ahead and jump right into it.

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Okay.

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So now that we know that our cash and system are fully up to date, let's go ahead and install some

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new software.

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So let's say that I've heard of a program called XYZ.

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And XYZ apparently makes a window with some funny eyes pop up that follow your mouse cursor around the

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screen.

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And I think this is interesting and I want to install it, so do that.

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First, we need to know what package the XYZ program comes in.

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So let's search the cache for it.

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The way that we do that is we do APT cash search for XYZ and it will give us every package that has

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something to do with XYZ.

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And we've heard of this package called X 11 apps, let's say, and we like Ah, that's the one I've

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heard of.

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Let me go and have a closer look at it.

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So what we do, we do apt cash show x 11 apps.

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So you give it the name of the package here and that will give us a bunch of information.

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But let's just clear the screen and pipe that through less.

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So we get a bit of a closer look.

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Okay.

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And when we open this here, we can see that actually we get a lot of information about the package.

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But down here in the description, it says that this package provides a miscellaneous assortment of

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X applications that shipped with the X Window System, including and it all tell us that we've got something

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tools for manipulating bitmap images, something for a tool that tells you when you have new email and

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so on.

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And then there's a one here called X Ise.

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And XYZ is a demo program in which a pair of eyes track the pointer.

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So that's what we want.

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And we realize that actually we want to have a look at this.

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There's also another one called X Man, which is a manual page browser which might be useful as well.

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Okay.

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So now we're pretty convinced we want to install the X 11 apps package.

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How can we do that?

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Well, it's actually really easy.

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All we've got to do if we get out of less is just when we clear the screen.

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All we have to do if type sudo apt get install x 11 apps.

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So we just enter the name of the package.

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Now notice that we're using apt get again to install the package because we want our package manager

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to get data from the internet and not just from the local cache.

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And we also pass the package name that we want to install which and because we want to install X 11

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apps, we typed x 11 apps in there.

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Now when we press enter, we see that it'll ask for our password, which we enter, and then the package

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manager is going to go ahead and install the new packages with any dependencies that are actually required.

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Now sometimes it might ask for your permission if it needs to install a lot, but because it's only

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installing about 600 kilobytes, it was like, Yeah, let me just go ahead and install it then.

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I don't need to ask for permission for something that's so small.

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Okay, but there's nothing we need to do.

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The package is installed and it's as simple as that.

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Now X11 Apps is a pre compiled package, also known as a binary package.

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Now most packages are binary packages, which means that the code that make the software has been pre

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compiled and ready to go beforehand.

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So you don't have to do any of that.

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Configure, make and make install stuff that we did a few videos ago yourself.

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Okay, just install the package from the repositories and you're done.

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And what's better, the package will also be tracked for updates so you can update the package if new

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updates are made available.

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How awesome is that?

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Now let's try out our new software.

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So we wanted to use the Xs program.

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So if we just click the screen and type X I's in there and press enter, we'll see that we get these

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funny googly eyes pop up on the screen that follow our mouse around.

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So if I put the mouse down here or was it gone?

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I scared away the eyes.

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If I pop him up here, then it will follow around.

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Probably not as fluidly as I'd like, but I'm going to put that down to us running this in a virtual

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machine.

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But if like, you know, it does follow it a whole lot nicer, but that's pretty cool right now.

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The awesome thing is the way that you everything you install will come with its own man page.

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So if I just close XYZ here, then if I do man XYZ, you'll see that it's actually now also got a manual

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page installed and it says a follow the mouse x demo and it's also got some options so you can even

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control the XYZ program from the command line.

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And we can see here that there is a there is an option here called center, which allows you to choose

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a different color for the center of the eyes.

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So, for example, if we do X eyes, then give it the center option and tell it.

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I think it's two dashes center blue.

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Whoops.

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Nope.

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Maybe just one.

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Maybe just one dash.

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There we go.

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Now, the center of the eyes is blue.

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And but I want I want you to notice here is the way that look, when you open the Xs program graphically,

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you don't have the option to change the color of the eyes.

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Right?

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But from the command line, you can change that and a whole lot more.

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So this is highlighting for you just how powerful the command line is and how it does give you more

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abilities than is possible with a graphical editor.

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And if you can't edit the color of googly eyes, then tell me what really is the point of having a computer?

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Now the X11 apps package came with quite a few other pieces of software inside, one of which is called

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X Man, which you might find useful.

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Now X Man is a graphical window for looking at the manual pages.

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So if we get rid of XYZ here and close it and then we type X man, we'll see a window pop up over here.

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Now you can search the man pages using.

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So if we click on manual page right there, it'll open up a bigger window.

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And if we click on the on the options at the top here, if we hold down the mouse button, it shows

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the menu.

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So you need to hold down the mouse button and you'll see this dropdown menu.

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Then if you go on search and let go of the mouse, that is if we've clicked the search thing and now

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we can search for something in here.

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So this is, for example, if we take a look at RLS and we try to look at it as a manual page, then

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it will open up the RLS manual page and you can browse through it here.

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So this is a more, I guess, graphical way of taking a look at the manual pages than you do with the

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command line.

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But I guess it just makes it look a bit prettier.

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And you can also look at the sections so you can look in user commands and you can see all of the user

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commands here.

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And if I wanted to look at, let's say, the the address to Line Command, I'll just click on that and

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it will open up.

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So it's a nice graphical way of browsing through the manual.

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So that's something that you can play around with if you like.

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And one thing I also want to highlight is how we by installing one package, the X 11 apps package,

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we've actually installed multiple different pieces of software, which is super cool.

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And we didn't have to do any compiling, we didn't have to do any configuring.

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All we have to do is make sure that our package list was up to date using sudo apt get update and then

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all we had to do then was just pseudo apt get install and then a package name and that's it.

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We can we can rest assured that we've got the most up to date version of that package and it's all,

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it's all sorted.

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We didn't even have to find out if the package was suitable for our computer's architecture and decide

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between, you know, i386 or AMD 64 that was all catered for automatically, which is awesome, but

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all of the software in that package was pre compiled.

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So what if we wanted to utilize the freedoms that free software gives us and access the source code

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for a package and modify it?

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Well, accessing the source code from the repositories is also very easy, but there are a few edits

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that you need to make.

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So for all that freedom, goodness.

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I'll see you in the next video.