1 00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:01,620 Hello the beautiful people. 2 00:00:01,620 --> 00:00:05,350 And welcome to this video where you're going to be learning about wild cards. 3 00:00:05,370 --> 00:00:09,960 Now, other than having an awesome name, wild cards are very useful tools that will make your commands 4 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:13,860 a lot more precise, a lot more expressive, and a lot more powerful. 5 00:00:13,890 --> 00:00:17,730 Now, in this lecture, you're going to learn about the most common types of wild cards, and you'll 6 00:00:17,730 --> 00:00:21,150 see how they can be very useful for manipulating files in Linux. 7 00:00:21,150 --> 00:00:24,540 By the end of the video, you'll know how to use some of the most common types of wild cards, and you 8 00:00:24,540 --> 00:00:27,710 will also have the ability to create more powerful commands. 9 00:00:27,720 --> 00:00:29,970 So let's go ahead and get right into it. 10 00:00:31,210 --> 00:00:31,630 Okay. 11 00:00:31,630 --> 00:00:34,730 So first, let's take a look again at the LSE command. 12 00:00:34,750 --> 00:00:39,730 Now, the LSE command will list the contents of every directory that we give it a valid path to. 13 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:43,560 So, for example, let's say we wanted to list the contents of our documents directory. 14 00:00:43,570 --> 00:00:47,590 We could do LSE and then give it a path to our documents directory. 15 00:00:47,950 --> 00:00:52,450 So we use the slash and then maybe we'd throw in a bit of tab completion and get it to list out our 16 00:00:52,450 --> 00:00:55,750 documents, or if we're already in our home folder like we are now. 17 00:00:55,750 --> 00:01:00,070 As you can see, we could just say list, list out documents, and that'll do fine. 18 00:01:00,310 --> 00:01:06,160 But what if we wanted to have a look at what's inside our documents folder and downloads folder and 19 00:01:06,160 --> 00:01:08,310 our pictures folder at the same time? 20 00:01:08,320 --> 00:01:09,420 Well, let's clear the screen. 21 00:01:09,430 --> 00:01:16,450 The way we do that is we just say LS then document, bit of cheeky tab, auto completion downloads, 22 00:01:16,450 --> 00:01:21,070 bit of cheeky tab, auto completion and some pictures with a bit of cheeky tab or to completion. 23 00:01:21,070 --> 00:01:26,440 And then if we go ahead and press enter now, you'll see that we can actually see the contents of each 24 00:01:26,440 --> 00:01:27,700 directory are listed. 25 00:01:27,700 --> 00:01:29,200 So far so good. 26 00:01:29,890 --> 00:01:32,460 But you can see how manual of a process this was, right? 27 00:01:32,470 --> 00:01:37,390 We had to type out documents, then type out downloads and then type out pictures even with even with 28 00:01:37,390 --> 00:01:42,340 table to completion in order to pass them as command line arguments to the RLS command. 29 00:01:42,550 --> 00:01:47,890 Now wild cards are basically special symbols that the shell interprets to have a special meaning. 30 00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:54,010 The idea behind wildcards is to build up powerful patterns known as regular expressions, so that instead 31 00:01:54,010 --> 00:01:59,380 of typing out every command line argument manually, you can instead say something like, Hey, Linux, 32 00:01:59,380 --> 00:02:02,950 make this command act on anything that matches this pattern. 33 00:02:03,160 --> 00:02:07,990 The patterns are known as regular expressions, and you can think of wildcards as being some of the 34 00:02:07,990 --> 00:02:11,740 useful building blocks for creating regular expressions. 35 00:02:11,950 --> 00:02:17,320 Now, using wildcards to build regular expressions gives you lots of flexibility and control over how 36 00:02:17,320 --> 00:02:19,120 your commands work and can save you. 37 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:24,430 A whole bunch of typing and using regular expressions makes your commands a lot more expressive. 38 00:02:24,430 --> 00:02:30,190 So for example, instead of expressing the LS command like list out the contents of this folder and 39 00:02:30,190 --> 00:02:34,360 this folder and this folder, which is the way that we would usually be using it with command line arguments, 40 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:34,570 right? 41 00:02:34,570 --> 00:02:41,830 We'd be saying, let's do documents and downloads and pictures, downloaders, download, downloads 42 00:02:41,830 --> 00:02:42,870 and pictures. 43 00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:44,410 That's how it works like that. 44 00:02:44,410 --> 00:02:45,940 You've got to list them out manually. 45 00:02:45,940 --> 00:02:51,400 Instead, you could just do something like, Hey, why don't you just list out the contents of every 46 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:53,350 file that starts with the letter D? 47 00:02:53,530 --> 00:02:58,780 For example, if you're removing files instead of saying, Remove this file and this file and this file, 48 00:02:58,780 --> 00:03:03,940 you can say, remove every file in this folder as long as its name ends in txt, for example. 49 00:03:03,940 --> 00:03:08,020 Or if you're copying files instead of saying Copy this file and this file and this file, you can say 50 00:03:08,020 --> 00:03:13,210 copy every file from this folder and to this other folder as long as its name ends with PDF. 51 00:03:14,350 --> 00:03:19,300 Okay, so now that we understand that we're using wildcards to build these patterns, these regular 52 00:03:19,300 --> 00:03:23,250 expressions, let's start building some regular expressions using wildcards. 53 00:03:23,260 --> 00:03:28,120 Now, one of the most used wildcards is the asterisk or the star wildcard. 54 00:03:28,120 --> 00:03:31,930 Now I find the star by pressing shift and eight on my keyboard. 55 00:03:31,990 --> 00:03:34,720 If I press shift in eight, I get this star come up. 56 00:03:35,080 --> 00:03:41,050 If you ever use Microsoft Excel or a, you know, a software spreadsheet package, it's the symbol you 57 00:03:41,050 --> 00:03:46,630 use to do multiplication, but you find it using shift and eight on my keyboard it might be different 58 00:03:46,630 --> 00:03:53,410 on yours but it's that's it's that symbol we're looking for now wildcards each match a specific pattern 59 00:03:53,410 --> 00:04:00,280 and the asterisk or the star wildcard matches any piece of text regardless of the length of that text. 60 00:04:00,280 --> 00:04:02,170 And it also matches numbers. 61 00:04:02,350 --> 00:04:07,450 So let's say that we wanted to check the contents of every directory in the home folder. 62 00:04:07,450 --> 00:04:12,040 Let me clear the screen if I clear the screen instead of listing them all out. 63 00:04:12,070 --> 00:04:14,020 Okay, because there's quite a few folders in here, right? 64 00:04:14,020 --> 00:04:20,649 Instead of saying, okay, LRS desktop and documents and downloads and so on and so on, all we have 65 00:04:20,649 --> 00:04:23,620 to do is just do ls star. 66 00:04:24,940 --> 00:04:31,480 So if I press, if I do that, you can see that it has just listed out all of the contents of the home 67 00:04:31,480 --> 00:04:41,680 folder, the desktop documents, downloads, music pictures, public templates and videos all in one 68 00:04:41,680 --> 00:04:42,100 go. 69 00:04:42,100 --> 00:04:43,150 So let me clear the screen. 70 00:04:43,540 --> 00:04:43,910 Okay. 71 00:04:44,830 --> 00:04:45,700 So how did that happen? 72 00:04:45,700 --> 00:04:50,770 The reason that happened is because the star matches anything. 73 00:04:50,950 --> 00:04:57,130 So what you need to think of is when you give a command a regular expression to work with, imagine 74 00:04:57,130 --> 00:05:01,390 it putting as command line arguments, anything that matches that pattern. 75 00:05:02,470 --> 00:05:12,820 So because the star wildcard matches anything, it put everything as command line arguments to the command. 76 00:05:13,030 --> 00:05:13,780 Does that make sense? 77 00:05:13,780 --> 00:05:14,860 Let's take another example. 78 00:05:15,160 --> 00:05:19,470 So let's say I just wanted to list out the contents of the folders, starting with D. 79 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:22,060 So the desktop downloads and documents folders. 80 00:05:22,570 --> 00:05:29,080 What I could do is I could say, okay, let's do ls then a capital D and then a star. 81 00:05:29,260 --> 00:05:30,670 Now the. 82 00:05:30,780 --> 00:05:32,220 How often is this bit? 83 00:05:32,520 --> 00:05:38,760 The pattern is the d them the star and the star is one of the building blocks, but so is the letter 84 00:05:38,760 --> 00:05:38,930 D. 85 00:05:38,940 --> 00:05:46,260 So what we're saying here is list out, then giving it as a command argument, anything that has a D, 86 00:05:46,290 --> 00:05:49,080 a capital D, and then followed by anything. 87 00:05:49,080 --> 00:05:51,690 So basically anything that starts with a capital D. 88 00:05:51,690 --> 00:05:58,200 So if I do that, you can see that we just see the desktop documents and downloads and you can see that 89 00:05:58,200 --> 00:06:00,780 they all match this pattern, this D star. 90 00:06:00,810 --> 00:06:03,990 They start with a capital D and then A followed by anything. 91 00:06:03,990 --> 00:06:06,810 They start with a capital D and then are followed by anything. 92 00:06:06,810 --> 00:06:08,970 What if we just want documents and downloads? 93 00:06:08,970 --> 00:06:12,240 Well, they start with D0 and then are followed by anything. 94 00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:12,570 Right. 95 00:06:12,570 --> 00:06:18,690 So if I do lhs doe then anything you can see we just get documents and downloads. 96 00:06:18,690 --> 00:06:21,390 But desktop is ignored. 97 00:06:21,510 --> 00:06:27,720 Now, something that is important to remember here is that these wild cards and these regular expressions 98 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:29,400 are case sensitive. 99 00:06:29,400 --> 00:06:33,870 So if we did LHS DD and then a star notice how the D is lowercase. 100 00:06:34,020 --> 00:06:35,430 You can see that we get nothing. 101 00:06:35,430 --> 00:06:41,610 Nothing comes back because nothing starts with a lowercase d, but if we do capital D now, that will 102 00:06:41,610 --> 00:06:42,180 work. 103 00:06:42,810 --> 00:06:44,100 Okay, so that's really awesome. 104 00:06:44,100 --> 00:06:45,450 Let me just clear the screen. 105 00:06:45,450 --> 00:06:50,370 You've seen a few ways that the star wild card can be used to match any text, and you've seen some 106 00:06:50,370 --> 00:06:53,220 ways that it can be used to build regular expressions. 107 00:06:53,220 --> 00:06:57,630 Now there are a few other common wild cards that you'll likely use when working with regular expressions 108 00:06:57,630 --> 00:06:58,410 and wild cards. 109 00:06:58,410 --> 00:07:00,990 And the first is the question mark wild card. 110 00:07:00,990 --> 00:07:04,650 Now the star wild card will match anything regardless of length. 111 00:07:05,340 --> 00:07:13,770 So for example, if I do something like star text that could match anything as long as it ends in text. 112 00:07:14,010 --> 00:07:20,610 So if I do ls star dot text, you'll see that we only see things that end in dot text. 113 00:07:21,030 --> 00:07:28,380 Now it doesn't matter if what at the beginning of the of comes before text is one letter long, one 114 00:07:28,380 --> 00:07:31,740 number long or 100 letters longer is full of numbers or whatever. 115 00:07:31,740 --> 00:07:38,490 It doesn't matter if it's a thousand characters long, it'll still match because the star matches anything 116 00:07:38,670 --> 00:07:40,080 but the question mark. 117 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:43,770 Wildcard will only match one place. 118 00:07:43,980 --> 00:07:52,860 So if I do question mark text if I do LHS now, nothing will actually show up because the question mark 119 00:07:52,950 --> 00:08:01,410 this this says basically what this says is show anything that ends in text but only has one thing before 120 00:08:01,410 --> 00:08:01,770 it. 121 00:08:01,770 --> 00:08:02,150 Okay. 122 00:08:02,250 --> 00:08:10,530 So this would match things like a text or Q text or L text or one point text. 123 00:08:10,830 --> 00:08:15,030 You notice how they've all just got one place just before the dot text. 124 00:08:15,600 --> 00:08:21,690 The question mark is a way of saying is it's like a placeholder for just that place, whereas the star, 125 00:08:21,690 --> 00:08:23,370 it doesn't matter how long it is. 126 00:08:23,730 --> 00:08:28,770 So the question mark wildcard allows you to maintain the generality of the star wildcard because it 127 00:08:28,770 --> 00:08:32,669 doesn't matter what it matches, it could match a number or it could match a letter. 128 00:08:32,700 --> 00:08:35,700 But but it allows you to limit the length. 129 00:08:36,630 --> 00:08:42,299 The star doesn't put a limit on length, whereas the question mark does, but it doesn't really matter 130 00:08:42,299 --> 00:08:43,740 what fills that place. 131 00:08:44,280 --> 00:08:49,860 Now you usually use the question mark wildcard when you want to build a general pattern but care about 132 00:08:49,860 --> 00:08:51,210 the length of the file name. 133 00:08:51,570 --> 00:08:59,010 So if we did something like question mark, question mark dot PDF, then that would match things like 134 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:08,130 a one dot pdf or B two dot pdf or a PDF or z seven dot pdf or something like 77. PDF. 135 00:09:08,130 --> 00:09:12,120 You see how we're just taking up two spaces and then PDF. 136 00:09:12,120 --> 00:09:15,750 That's what question mark question mark PDF would do. 137 00:09:15,990 --> 00:09:18,930 We're saying we're going to fill it with two things, two spaces. 138 00:09:18,930 --> 00:09:23,530 We're not sure what's going to go there, but there's got to be two spaces, two places and then dot 139 00:09:23,550 --> 00:09:24,090 PDF. 140 00:09:24,120 --> 00:09:25,290 Okay, so that's how that works. 141 00:09:25,290 --> 00:09:25,410 Okay. 142 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:26,550 That's the question mark. 143 00:09:26,820 --> 00:09:32,610 Now another type of wildcard is called is the square brackets, which are these ones here, these square 144 00:09:32,610 --> 00:09:33,390 brackets here. 145 00:09:34,980 --> 00:09:40,320 Now the square brackets wildcard is similar to the question mark in that it will only match one place. 146 00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:46,770 But instead of matching anything like the question mark, will square brackets allow only a the pattern 147 00:09:46,770 --> 00:09:52,530 to be they allow it to be more specific and only match the letters or numbers if they belong to a given 148 00:09:52,530 --> 00:09:53,220 set of options. 149 00:09:53,220 --> 00:09:55,350 Probably bit easier for me to show you than to explain. 150 00:09:55,740 --> 00:09:57,300 So let's say we had six files. 151 00:09:57,300 --> 00:10:08,130 We had file a txt, we had file b txt, we had file c dot txt and we had file one txt file to txt and 152 00:10:08,130 --> 00:10:12,090 file three dot txt which hint hint. 153 00:10:12,090 --> 00:10:17,040 If I do an LZ, we actually already have those in in our home directory. 154 00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:17,360 Okay. 155 00:10:17,550 --> 00:10:22,260 So let's say we wanted to match the files that just had numbers in the file name so far. 156 00:10:22,260 --> 00:10:25,800 One txt file 2.2 and file three dot txt. 157 00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:30,540 But we don't want the ones that have a, b and C to do this. 158 00:10:31,500 --> 00:10:37,290 We could do less then file because the names got to start with file, then open the square brackets 159 00:10:37,290 --> 00:10:38,550 and give it a bunch of options. 160 00:10:38,550 --> 00:10:44,400 We could say 1234567890. txt. 161 00:10:44,810 --> 00:10:45,960 Okay, so what's this? 162 00:10:45,960 --> 00:10:50,640 Basically everything in these square brackets is an option that could fill that one place. 163 00:10:50,640 --> 00:10:57,060 So anything that goes file and then either one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine 164 00:10:57,060 --> 00:11:00,660 or zero any one of those then dot txt. 165 00:11:01,050 --> 00:11:06,510 So if we do that, you see that we get far one, file two and file three, but we don't get the A, 166 00:11:06,540 --> 00:11:09,690 B and C because they're not part of the options, right? 167 00:11:09,960 --> 00:11:13,410 From a given set of files that just matches file one, file two and file three. 168 00:11:15,030 --> 00:11:20,730 Now, but what I want you to notice is how this wouldn't be possible using either the star wildcard 169 00:11:20,730 --> 00:11:22,620 or the question mark wildcard. 170 00:11:22,620 --> 00:11:24,600 If we do ls file. 171 00:11:24,900 --> 00:11:25,980 Question mark. 172 00:11:26,190 --> 00:11:30,960 TXT the question mark will match anything oc but only one place. 173 00:11:30,960 --> 00:11:33,940 If we do the star you're going to get oop. 174 00:11:34,110 --> 00:11:39,150 I need to ls it you're going to get basically the same thing as well because these don't restrict what 175 00:11:39,150 --> 00:11:40,350 goes in that place. 176 00:11:40,610 --> 00:11:43,040 The star will have anything regardless of length. 177 00:11:43,050 --> 00:11:47,520 The question mark will need just one place, but it doesn't care what fills it. 178 00:11:47,550 --> 00:11:53,790 The square brackets also only have one place, but they allow you to restrict what goes there. 179 00:11:53,790 --> 00:11:55,700 So they're like the most restrictive. 180 00:11:55,710 --> 00:11:59,340 It's like a very restrictive kind of kind of wildcard. 181 00:11:59,430 --> 00:12:06,180 Now, you may have noticed that typing out all these numbers, 0123456789 is a bit of a hassle, right? 182 00:12:06,180 --> 00:12:08,220 So the shell makes it a bit easier for us. 183 00:12:08,220 --> 00:12:09,030 We've got a shortcut. 184 00:12:09,030 --> 00:12:13,620 We can just do files 0 to 9 and that gives us exactly the same thing. 185 00:12:13,620 --> 00:12:17,490 So instead of having to type out all the numbers, it's much easier, which is really useful for when 186 00:12:17,490 --> 00:12:23,190 you want to work with the alphabet and you can go A to Z and that will work perfectly. 187 00:12:23,790 --> 00:12:27,330 And what if you want to match two digits? 188 00:12:27,540 --> 00:12:30,030 So what if you wanted something like file 11? 189 00:12:30,870 --> 00:12:31,950 How would I do that? 190 00:12:32,670 --> 00:12:39,210 Well, the way you do that is you'd say ls file then for the first digit 0 to 9, then just give it 191 00:12:39,210 --> 00:12:42,420 another one, another digit 0 to 9, then dot txt. 192 00:12:43,050 --> 00:12:47,280 So this one becomes the first digit, this one becomes the second digit. 193 00:12:47,550 --> 00:12:50,850 What if I wanted to have a number and then a letter? 194 00:12:50,850 --> 00:12:51,570 Well, that's easy. 195 00:12:51,570 --> 00:12:54,060 Just change that to letters. 196 00:12:54,360 --> 00:12:57,720 What if I wanted to have a number, then a letter, then a lowercase letter? 197 00:12:57,720 --> 00:12:58,650 Well, that's simple. 198 00:12:58,950 --> 00:13:00,090 Just change that like that. 199 00:13:00,360 --> 00:13:07,350 And you can see now we're going to have file then one space which can have the number 0 to 9, then 200 00:13:07,350 --> 00:13:08,940 another space which can have the number. 201 00:13:08,940 --> 00:13:13,770 We can have the letters A to Z in uppercase, then another space which can have the letters A to Z in 202 00:13:13,770 --> 00:13:16,710 lowercase and then ends in dot txt. 203 00:13:17,160 --> 00:13:22,950 So you can see just how powerful these regular expressions can become just by adding a few simple wildcards. 204 00:13:23,910 --> 00:13:30,750 We could also what if we wanted to have the numbers 0 to 9, but also the letters A, B, and C? 205 00:13:30,750 --> 00:13:32,250 You can do that as well, just like that. 206 00:13:32,250 --> 00:13:33,300 And that's going to show up. 207 00:13:34,160 --> 00:13:35,850 So exactly what you'd expect. 208 00:13:36,060 --> 00:13:42,840 Anything that has the word file, then one of the numbers from 0 to 9 or letters A, B and C and uppercase, 209 00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:43,770 then dot txt. 210 00:13:43,800 --> 00:13:50,310 If I reduce that to lowercase ABC now we'll just get four one, two and three because these wild cards 211 00:13:50,310 --> 00:13:52,230 and these regular operations are case sensitive. 212 00:13:52,230 --> 00:13:55,050 So you can see wildcards are really, really powerful stuff, guys. 213 00:13:55,050 --> 00:13:59,940 And the only three that you really need to know are the star, which matches anything, the question 214 00:13:59,940 --> 00:14:04,950 mark, which matches anything but only for one place and the square brackets which allow you to match 215 00:14:04,950 --> 00:14:05,850 just one place. 216 00:14:05,850 --> 00:14:08,490 But they also allow you to define what matches. 217 00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:10,280 Okay. 218 00:14:10,330 --> 00:14:11,620 So that's enough wild card. 219 00:14:11,620 --> 00:14:11,980 Goodness. 220 00:14:11,980 --> 00:14:16,960 For now, wild cards can make your commands a lot more expressive and give you much greater control 221 00:14:16,960 --> 00:14:18,580 over how the commands work. 222 00:14:18,580 --> 00:14:24,340 And using wild cards in this way to search for file names actually has a funny, funny name and it's 223 00:14:24,340 --> 00:14:25,330 called Glomming. 224 00:14:25,570 --> 00:14:30,700 So if you ever hear the word glomming floating around, it just means using wild cards to look for file 225 00:14:30,700 --> 00:14:32,600 names, just like we've done in this video. 226 00:14:32,620 --> 00:14:35,890 So before closing out, let's take a quick recap of what we've learned. 227 00:14:35,920 --> 00:14:39,250 First, you learn that about the concept of regular expressions. 228 00:14:39,250 --> 00:14:43,600 And regular expressions are basically patterns that a piece of text needs to match. 229 00:14:44,350 --> 00:14:50,500 And anything that matches that pattern will be passed as a command line argument to the command. 230 00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:54,550 Now, the star wild card matches anything regardless of length. 231 00:14:54,670 --> 00:15:00,550 The question mark matches anything but just for one place, and the square brackets match just one place, 232 00:15:00,550 --> 00:15:04,960 but allow you to specify options that will actually be matched. 233 00:15:04,960 --> 00:15:09,730 So unlike the star in the question mark which will match anything the square brackets allows, you choose 234 00:15:09,730 --> 00:15:10,630 what will be matched. 235 00:15:10,630 --> 00:15:14,900 And of course you can just type letters and numbers in that you want specifically to appear as well. 236 00:15:14,920 --> 00:15:20,870 So if I did Capital DX then Star, that means anything that starts with a D and then has anything afterwards. 237 00:15:20,870 --> 00:15:22,570 So you can type letters and numbers in there as well. 238 00:15:22,570 --> 00:15:26,230 You don't just have to only use the star question mark and square brackets. 239 00:15:26,770 --> 00:15:32,200 So with wildcards, understood, you have a very solid foundation for learning about the different ways 240 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:34,280 to manipulate files in the file system. 241 00:15:34,300 --> 00:15:38,960 Now nature the commands to create, delete, move, copy and paste files and so on. 242 00:15:38,980 --> 00:15:42,640 It's actually rather simple, and when you learn them, you might wonder what's the point of actually 243 00:15:42,640 --> 00:15:45,190 learning how to use them instead of just pointing and clicking? 244 00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:51,010 But by knowing how to use these commands along with wild cards, you'll be able to manipulate hundreds 245 00:15:51,010 --> 00:15:55,720 of files at once and with complete control, to the point that pointing and clicking will soon seem 246 00:15:55,720 --> 00:15:59,050 like a very slow and sluggish way of doing things, believe me. 247 00:15:59,170 --> 00:16:03,340 So up next, you can have a quick quiz to help you cement your understanding of wild cards because, 248 00:16:03,340 --> 00:16:04,660 you know, practice makes perfect. 249 00:16:04,660 --> 00:16:09,250 And then in the next video, you're going to learn how to create files and directories using some new 250 00:16:09,250 --> 00:16:14,320 commands, and you're also going to combine those commands with wild cards to make them even more powerful. 251 00:16:14,500 --> 00:16:19,060 You'll even learn about how something called brace expansion, which will see, which will show you 252 00:16:19,060 --> 00:16:24,220 how you can create three folders with 100 files in each of them using just one or two commands. 253 00:16:24,580 --> 00:16:25,450 Don't believe me. 254 00:16:25,480 --> 00:16:27,910 Well, I guess I'll see you in the next video.