1 00:00:00,860 --> 00:00:09,020 Hello, let's discuss about sports, hybridization and different configuration based on energy source, 2 00:00:10,160 --> 00:00:16,580 as we have seen that the battery is not the only option to supply the energy to the electric vehicle. 3 00:00:17,270 --> 00:00:25,280 We can also use an ultra capacitor, flywheel or fuel cell, whereas each energy source has its own 4 00:00:25,430 --> 00:00:27,130 limitation and advantages. 5 00:00:28,700 --> 00:00:36,080 Yet we need to first understand that what is the requirement of an electric vehicle and what are the 6 00:00:36,080 --> 00:00:39,960 limitations when use only battery as a source of energy? 7 00:00:40,760 --> 00:00:49,150 Let's recall electric vehicle demands that energy source should have high specific energy as well as 8 00:00:49,250 --> 00:00:57,650 high specific power because the specific energy is directly related to the vehicle range, while the 9 00:00:57,650 --> 00:01:02,810 specific power affect the acceleration and climbing capability. 10 00:01:03,110 --> 00:01:10,330 So if we want a higher starting talk and any climbing capability, then a source must have the high 11 00:01:10,380 --> 00:01:11,840 specific power. 12 00:01:12,710 --> 00:01:21,710 Thus we need an energy source which fulfills both the requirement or we have to use two different energy 13 00:01:21,710 --> 00:01:28,670 sources, one which is having the highest specific energy and other with the high specific power. 14 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:35,210 So this way we can achieve higher electric vehicle range without compromising of performance, like 15 00:01:35,570 --> 00:01:41,140 compromising the starting talk or pick up or compromising with the Lamby capability. 16 00:01:43,930 --> 00:01:51,250 So it's called hybridization when we use more than one energy source to power an electric vehicle. 17 00:01:51,860 --> 00:02:00,970 Let's discuss the different electric vehicle configuration based on the energy source to understand 18 00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:10,510 different configuration more clearly, we will focus on this three requirement, the specific energy 19 00:02:10,960 --> 00:02:12,220 and specific power. 20 00:02:12,790 --> 00:02:21,070 And in addition to that, Padawan, is acceptability of regenerative energy, energy, receptivity. 21 00:02:22,110 --> 00:02:30,090 So during regeneration, the energy source should be capable of accepting the regenerative power and 22 00:02:30,090 --> 00:02:30,630 energy. 23 00:02:33,900 --> 00:02:35,610 These two are mostly related. 24 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:43,080 The energy source or with the specific power can have the high energy receptivity. 25 00:02:44,280 --> 00:02:53,280 But some sort are not energy receptive or cannot accept the regenerative energy like the fuel cell. 26 00:02:54,800 --> 00:03:00,920 So let's discuss further the different possible configuration and its advantage, but we will focus 27 00:03:00,920 --> 00:03:07,520 on the three you know, the energy, power and energy related to range power will give this idea about 28 00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:11,600 the eco performance acceleration and the whole Plan B capability. 29 00:03:12,170 --> 00:03:17,330 And same day that intensity energy is also the power. 30 00:03:20,310 --> 00:03:26,810 Because in regeneration, we need the amount of power to be fed in the short duration. 31 00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:37,700 So specific power, generally, high water matter, regenerative braking and performance, let's start 32 00:03:37,700 --> 00:03:40,670 with the very first well-known configuration. 33 00:03:40,670 --> 00:03:47,920 It called the battery electric vehicle believe that only the Metro is the only source of energy through 34 00:03:47,930 --> 00:03:48,870 the power supply. 35 00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:52,300 It supplied the power to the motor. 36 00:03:52,700 --> 00:03:58,300 Yeah, differential and all other arrangements are not shown for the simplicity. 37 00:03:58,310 --> 00:04:04,430 We are focusing on this, but we already discussed the model configuration within propulsion system 38 00:04:04,430 --> 00:04:07,460 already, so we are not discussing any further. 39 00:04:09,950 --> 00:04:15,450 The simplest way is to battery the power, electronics and an electric motor. 40 00:04:16,130 --> 00:04:25,190 So if we want this simplified form of energy source, then we record the battery, which can fulfill 41 00:04:25,190 --> 00:04:26,420 all our purpose. 42 00:04:26,450 --> 00:04:31,100 That is the requirement of high specific power, high energy and. 43 00:04:32,700 --> 00:04:40,940 The regenerative capability, but if you a single type of battery and we need to compromise somewhere 44 00:04:41,490 --> 00:04:48,060 that we can go for the highest specific power or we can select the battery life, which is having the 45 00:04:48,060 --> 00:04:54,540 highest specific energy, or we can compromise, then we should we can have more power and more direct. 46 00:04:55,550 --> 00:04:56,900 Pacific Energy. 47 00:04:57,710 --> 00:05:05,420 So this is the only problem with this basic configuration, but still it is mostly and widely adopted 48 00:05:05,420 --> 00:05:06,380 in the industry. 49 00:05:06,740 --> 00:05:13,190 So most current electric vehicle we see are the battery, electric vehicle and battery. 50 00:05:13,190 --> 00:05:15,500 Adelita Energy Source. 51 00:05:17,620 --> 00:05:25,060 We had no option, so in this configuration, hybrid battery source, instead of the single battery, 52 00:05:25,060 --> 00:05:33,670 viewed the two battery, which is used for the specific purpose and different types of battery can be 53 00:05:33,670 --> 00:05:34,730 used together. 54 00:05:35,230 --> 00:05:40,580 So one without the purpose of high specific energy and another one will. 55 00:05:40,600 --> 00:05:43,800 So the purpose of high specific power. 56 00:05:44,290 --> 00:05:53,650 So this way we can have the combination of two backup batteries and that can extend the range of material 57 00:05:53,650 --> 00:05:59,750 that can use the high acceleration as well, Ed, during regeneration. 58 00:05:59,770 --> 00:06:02,140 Also, this battery is used. 59 00:06:03,540 --> 00:06:04,230 This is. 60 00:06:05,770 --> 00:06:10,950 The only bad hybrid where two types of battery can be used. 61 00:06:17,830 --> 00:06:26,680 So after that, we can have a possibility to use the fuel cell, but the fuel cell can not accept the 62 00:06:27,370 --> 00:06:30,080 energy during the braking and regeneration. 63 00:06:30,520 --> 00:06:31,960 So that is the main purpose. 64 00:06:31,990 --> 00:06:34,970 We also used the battery in addition to fuel cell. 65 00:06:35,260 --> 00:06:36,790 And now you got the idea. 66 00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:42,820 Fuel cell has the high specific energy that we already discussed. 67 00:06:43,510 --> 00:06:51,090 But the problem of spacing and volume that required to store the hydrogen gas compressed nitrogen gas, 68 00:06:51,700 --> 00:07:01,480 but in this case, the fuel cell we use as a high specific energy and the battery addition to fuel cell 69 00:07:01,720 --> 00:07:04,610 will use the high specific power. 70 00:07:04,880 --> 00:07:12,190 So during the generation this battery comes in picture and during normal operation, Hoosen can supply 71 00:07:12,190 --> 00:07:14,860 the power for long. 72 00:07:17,800 --> 00:07:26,250 So this is the combination fuel cell is we already discussed it working and it can also be considered 73 00:07:26,260 --> 00:07:27,460 energy generation. 74 00:07:27,460 --> 00:07:30,040 And this is energy stored device. 75 00:07:32,880 --> 00:07:42,600 Now, with the fuel cell only, we can add one more component, it is the formula for this configuration 76 00:07:42,620 --> 00:07:56,250 is also currently the topics of research and one can use to serve the purpose of hybrid petrol and electric 77 00:07:56,700 --> 00:07:57,280 vehicle. 78 00:07:57,690 --> 00:08:06,420 So yet the main propulsion system is motor still sort of electric vehicle, but the reformer will convert 79 00:08:06,810 --> 00:08:16,770 the methanol or petrol that is stored into this reformer and it's converted into the hydrogen that requiring 80 00:08:16,770 --> 00:08:17,530 the fuel cell. 81 00:08:17,860 --> 00:08:22,170 So saving the fuel cell with liquid hydrogen and ADESA input. 82 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:29,970 And it's a hydrogen which is converted within the farmer from them with a lot of petrol. 83 00:08:29,980 --> 00:08:36,600 So that is the storage tank and a reformer that do this purpose. 84 00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:42,890 And because we know that the space and volume required to store the compressed hydrogen is very high. 85 00:08:43,230 --> 00:08:45,570 So this will eliminate this issue also. 86 00:08:45,900 --> 00:08:53,490 And fuel cell will serve their purpose to provide the higher specific energy and material for the purpose 87 00:08:53,490 --> 00:08:55,930 of high specific power. 88 00:08:56,580 --> 00:09:03,110 But again, yet our emission will be not only water but water plus CO2. 89 00:09:03,600 --> 00:09:06,390 And this reformer, again, we are using the petrol. 90 00:09:06,810 --> 00:09:11,360 So yet we can think of different possibilities. 91 00:09:11,940 --> 00:09:22,950 We can also use fuel cell for rorting the additional our energy whenever we are facing any trouble with 92 00:09:22,950 --> 00:09:36,060 having the battery or to extend the range of battery power in addition to battery power, when fuel 93 00:09:36,210 --> 00:09:44,070 like methanol and particles are readily available and can easily be stored so that refuelling can be 94 00:09:44,070 --> 00:09:45,060 done very fast. 95 00:09:45,090 --> 00:09:48,330 So one can think about the better combination of this. 96 00:09:48,330 --> 00:09:50,730 We can use both 50 50 percent. 97 00:09:50,730 --> 00:09:57,480 We can have this as a higher energy source and this also with the modern energy source. 98 00:09:57,480 --> 00:10:01,740 And likewise, we can have different possible configurations. 99 00:10:01,740 --> 00:10:11,010 But generally this is used to solve the high energy, high specific energy and this is water high specific 100 00:10:11,100 --> 00:10:13,340 power in this combination. 101 00:10:13,640 --> 00:10:17,160 So fuel cell battery hybrid with three former. 102 00:10:23,560 --> 00:10:28,950 We already started ultra capacitor now when we had the ultra capacitor. 103 00:10:29,020 --> 00:10:37,540 We need one additional power electronics that can supply to the market and to meet the requirement of 104 00:10:37,540 --> 00:10:38,960 the input power. 105 00:10:39,340 --> 00:10:45,550 So I have one more power electronics so we can now idea an ultra capacitor in order to have the highest 106 00:10:45,550 --> 00:10:50,650 Pacific power so it can be used for that purpose. 107 00:10:50,980 --> 00:10:58,610 And it can also be recharged very fast so we can use for the regeneration as a specific power. 108 00:10:58,630 --> 00:11:05,420 And in this case, we use the battery with the high speed energy to do it by using the different combination. 109 00:11:05,440 --> 00:11:08,230 We can optimize our performance and cost about. 110 00:11:11,820 --> 00:11:18,330 But there are lots of possibilities for the researchers who want to work in this area of energy source 111 00:11:18,330 --> 00:11:19,200 for the electric. 112 00:11:24,310 --> 00:11:31,630 You know, the flywheel will can supply the high specific power we know we use flywheel during the regeneration 113 00:11:31,630 --> 00:11:37,450 purpose and during the breaking operation only, and in addition, we degrade the battery, which can 114 00:11:37,450 --> 00:11:46,420 supply the specific energy again to meet the requirement after hour, one more additional power electronics 115 00:11:46,420 --> 00:11:58,990 converter to convert the living to the power required by the converter and to connect with the battery. 116 00:11:59,800 --> 00:12:07,740 So we already discussed about this flywheel is not just the low speed conventional flywheel that is 117 00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:08,710 a mechanical device. 118 00:12:08,710 --> 00:12:11,870 But Flywheel used in electric vehicles are quite different. 119 00:12:11,890 --> 00:12:18,630 It is very ultra high speed of recording and a vacuum to get the ultra high speed. 120 00:12:19,570 --> 00:12:23,350 And we already discussed too much about the. 121 00:12:24,130 --> 00:12:32,830 So it is the special motor generator device which can apply to the more Treadwell's generator. 122 00:12:33,910 --> 00:12:40,490 He is with the electric rig, so don't be confused with any investment, mechanical, low speed Flybe. 123 00:12:47,430 --> 00:12:54,720 So hope you got the idea about the basically reconfiguration, there are too much things to study and 124 00:12:54,720 --> 00:13:01,620 to discuss all the electrical engineer when they started working with the different energy source. 125 00:13:01,620 --> 00:13:08,040 And it's a possibility and they can do the good analysis and come up with the new. 126 00:13:09,020 --> 00:13:10,820 Results for performance.