1 00:00:00,780 --> 00:00:08,460 So now let's discuss about what energy source for the electric vehicle that is battery, we know why, 2 00:00:08,820 --> 00:00:15,960 because it is the compact and stored energy in the form of chemical energy that can be declared in the 3 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:16,770 electric front. 4 00:00:17,070 --> 00:00:24,170 We prefer the battery is the most efficient and most profitable energy source in the electric vehicle. 5 00:00:28,390 --> 00:00:32,890 So there are mainly two types of batteries using the electric vehicle. 6 00:00:32,920 --> 00:00:39,790 It all started with the lithium batteries and now the Prendes lithium ion batteries, and we are preferring 7 00:00:40,090 --> 00:00:45,960 the rechargeable batteries over the long rechargeable batteries for the electric vehicle application. 8 00:00:46,320 --> 00:00:51,220 We will discuss Imada, Hugh Downs and barometer's of the batteries. 9 00:00:54,910 --> 00:01:01,510 The requirement of electric batteries, you should have the high specific energy to having the lowest. 10 00:01:04,020 --> 00:01:08,910 And high energy density, so we will have the lower volume. 11 00:01:10,250 --> 00:01:15,900 And high power density and high power density, so it can supply the higher current capability. 12 00:01:16,880 --> 00:01:20,160 All it should be justified with the cost. 13 00:01:20,570 --> 00:01:27,170 So most electric vehicle available in the market nowadays are having the battery electric vehicle and 14 00:01:27,170 --> 00:01:31,240 use the battery as a main source and only the source of energy. 15 00:01:33,940 --> 00:01:40,690 So this session will discuss a other parameters and specification that need to know about the electric 16 00:01:40,690 --> 00:01:47,980 vehicle batteries is the life cycle battery will take turns its capacity to reach energy creating and 17 00:01:48,340 --> 00:01:53,500 parallel connection with life cycle and ratings are more important to understand. 18 00:01:53,950 --> 00:01:55,080 So let's talk. 19 00:01:57,620 --> 00:02:01,940 Badly having it's altered, it's called the nominal voltage. 20 00:02:02,240 --> 00:02:07,620 We know that the battery of bikes and got had a rating of twelvefold. 21 00:02:08,190 --> 00:02:09,800 It's called the nominal voltage. 22 00:02:11,010 --> 00:02:15,720 But when batteries are fully charged, this voltage will be higher than 12. 23 00:02:16,410 --> 00:02:23,160 We are talking about when it is not connected to load and metal, fully charged and disconnected from 24 00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:23,800 everywhere. 25 00:02:24,660 --> 00:02:29,520 Like when batteries fully discharge, its voltage will be less than 12. 26 00:02:29,820 --> 00:02:34,500 That means less than nominal voltage and it may down 10 to 11 volt. 27 00:02:35,550 --> 00:02:43,620 It should be noted that yet the discharging of battery does not mean the voltage across to be reduced 28 00:02:43,620 --> 00:02:44,260 to zero. 29 00:02:44,910 --> 00:02:47,520 If it does happen, that means batteries dead. 30 00:02:48,030 --> 00:02:52,290 Energy density is multiplication of voltage and our. 31 00:02:52,970 --> 00:02:54,690 It is not only the voltage. 32 00:02:55,110 --> 00:03:00,240 So please note that when discharging battery does not mean it is. 33 00:03:01,670 --> 00:03:09,560 Only the voltage across to the middle of the battery when it's fully charged, definitely voltage will 34 00:03:09,560 --> 00:03:15,660 be slightly higher and it is when discharge voltage will be slightly less than dominant voltage. 35 00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:17,990 So this radiation will be less. 36 00:03:21,010 --> 00:03:26,080 Every battery manufacturer will have slightly different voltage performance coal under. 37 00:03:27,460 --> 00:03:35,070 That means the town's terminal voltage is used when we connect the load due to internal resistance of 38 00:03:35,110 --> 00:03:37,610 battery voltage drop internal. 39 00:03:37,990 --> 00:03:44,530 The battery happens due to the current and according to lower voltage computer will be changed and will 40 00:03:44,530 --> 00:03:47,440 be reduced when nominal voltage is twelvefold. 41 00:03:47,720 --> 00:03:53,770 If we do, the more current through the battery, if loaded with the more current, then it will be 42 00:03:53,770 --> 00:03:54,880 slightly less. 43 00:03:54,880 --> 00:04:00,940 Internal resistance may vary from zero point zero and two zero point one home of the battery, depending 44 00:04:00,940 --> 00:04:02,190 upon the battery, obviously. 45 00:04:02,830 --> 00:04:04,280 But this is the typical value. 46 00:04:05,500 --> 00:04:14,020 So when we measure the voltage without law and terminal voltage with the law, that will be slightly 47 00:04:14,020 --> 00:04:14,620 different. 48 00:04:15,040 --> 00:04:17,520 The terminal voltage will be different. 49 00:04:22,180 --> 00:04:31,400 To old age is the term use to observe the battery voltage when it is fully charged and when it is disconnected 50 00:04:31,400 --> 00:04:38,060 and put on track for 12 to 24 hour, that will be different in voltage rating due to internal chemical 51 00:04:38,060 --> 00:04:38,710 process. 52 00:04:38,720 --> 00:04:48,490 And this judge told you see this in some literature, the charging voltage is the voltage across to 53 00:04:48,500 --> 00:04:55,610 terminal when batteries put on charge when charging is happen to determine where if you observe, voltage 54 00:04:55,610 --> 00:05:03,380 will be higher than the fully charge voltage even it will be 14 to 15 volt because we want to input 55 00:05:03,390 --> 00:05:05,940 the current charger to make. 56 00:05:09,180 --> 00:05:15,310 So it's called the changing world, and we want to change the metric 14 to 15 world of realworld that 57 00:05:15,420 --> 00:05:15,730 but. 58 00:05:21,580 --> 00:05:28,480 If you take the typical values of the ladies here, badly nominal voltage will fund twelvefold, fully 59 00:05:28,480 --> 00:05:34,780 charged voltage will be around 13 volt and fully discharged voltage will be around ten point five to 60 00:05:34,780 --> 00:05:36,030 eleven point. 61 00:05:37,960 --> 00:05:44,290 And if we consider the case of lithium ion battery, lithium ion batteries, having individual cells 62 00:05:44,290 --> 00:05:53,200 connected in cities are parallel to have higher voltage or higher current, each cell having nominal 63 00:05:53,200 --> 00:05:56,610 voltage and a different variant available. 64 00:05:56,650 --> 00:06:01,090 We are taking one case in nominal voltages, three point seven volt. 65 00:06:02,530 --> 00:06:10,000 It's fully charged voltage of one cell around four point to one and fully discharge voltage will be 66 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:10,780 two point eight. 67 00:06:12,650 --> 00:06:18,250 ELLINGWOOD The case, we need to understand that when nominal voltage is twelvefold and fully charged, 68 00:06:18,250 --> 00:06:19,410 voltage is 13 world. 69 00:06:19,900 --> 00:06:28,060 If we connect to battery in cities, we are expecting voltage of 24 volt, but fully charged voltage 70 00:06:28,060 --> 00:06:29,560 will be 26. 71 00:06:29,560 --> 00:06:32,900 If we connected 14 cities, it will be 28. 72 00:06:33,550 --> 00:06:34,300 Likewise. 73 00:06:36,410 --> 00:06:43,910 When connected in cities, a number of cells, the police charge voltage will be multiplied by four 74 00:06:43,910 --> 00:06:47,900 points to a nominal voltages, three point seven. 75 00:06:48,010 --> 00:06:52,000 So you can see a variation is high, which compared to battery. 76 00:06:55,410 --> 00:06:57,180 Chad, it is called a social. 77 00:06:57,210 --> 00:07:05,130 It is important to identify the level of the battery state of the judge, how much energy remains and 78 00:07:05,130 --> 00:07:07,410 how much energy drained from the battery. 79 00:07:07,890 --> 00:07:13,410 That is called the associate level of judge status. 80 00:07:13,560 --> 00:07:14,070 Judge. 81 00:07:17,140 --> 00:07:23,010 As we already discussed, discharging are fully discharged medically does not mean multiculturalist 82 00:07:23,170 --> 00:07:28,880 zero, the variation between the range of upper limit and lower limit. 83 00:07:29,650 --> 00:07:33,960 It will be also different for each battery, depending upon the manufacturing guidelines. 84 00:07:34,210 --> 00:07:35,380 But typical will you? 85 00:07:35,380 --> 00:07:40,870 Obviously, it will be around if we consider the case of lithium ion battery. 86 00:07:41,470 --> 00:07:48,220 We discussed fully charged, multiuse 13 volt and fully discharged voltage will be around 11 or ten 87 00:07:48,220 --> 00:07:49,800 point five to 11. 88 00:07:50,500 --> 00:08:00,910 So by observing this all day of the battery, we will have ideas about how energy is remaining in the 89 00:08:01,030 --> 00:08:01,600 battery. 90 00:08:02,080 --> 00:08:03,910 So this is called a straight up charge. 91 00:08:04,180 --> 00:08:09,830 And by using this, we can build the battery level indicator. 92 00:08:09,860 --> 00:08:16,030 So now you can have idea how badly all indicator works on Skatoff and this voltage change. 93 00:08:16,600 --> 00:08:17,920 You need to do this. 94 00:08:19,750 --> 00:08:26,380 So Metallo Indicator Indicator will declare anything but and with this whole tapering, it will give 95 00:08:26,390 --> 00:08:31,460 the idea about data, how percentage Matley energies remaining. 96 00:08:34,220 --> 00:08:39,680 Badly impede our capacity, mentally specifying impaired our capacity. 97 00:08:40,890 --> 00:08:52,140 The implicit well, empire badly can supply constant current for one hour, or we can save one empire 98 00:08:52,560 --> 00:08:57,130 for lower, that matter is multiplication of empire in power. 99 00:08:58,740 --> 00:09:07,560 So if we are having 24 hour battery and it can supply 20 for NPR for one hour, and if we reduce the 100 00:09:07,560 --> 00:09:12,390 empire by half, it will it can supply chain of current force to empire. 101 00:09:12,990 --> 00:09:16,660 This is what our capacity is. 102 00:09:21,710 --> 00:09:30,440 Toward energy, that is total amount of energy in terms of what second, we can calculate from voltage 103 00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:38,900 rating and compare our rating automatically, consider twelvefold battery having 24 hour capacity energy 104 00:09:38,900 --> 00:09:48,230 storage batteries calculated is battery voltage multiplied by and rating energy is equal to 24, multiplied 105 00:09:48,230 --> 00:09:49,020 by 24. 106 00:09:49,430 --> 00:09:58,160 And for this battery, five seventy six, whatever is the energy capacity, your 24 word is used for 107 00:09:58,160 --> 00:10:03,010 connecting to battery in cities to battery of twelvefold and 24 imperia. 108 00:10:03,320 --> 00:10:07,110 When we connect in cities you'll get 24 and 24. 109 00:10:07,130 --> 00:10:16,520 Eight make the typical cases because an electric bicycle project may require 24 hour or 12 hour battery 110 00:10:16,940 --> 00:10:18,140 connector in cities. 111 00:10:18,140 --> 00:10:19,790 Bensedrine 24 volt. 112 00:10:20,750 --> 00:10:21,200 Under. 113 00:10:23,240 --> 00:10:25,190 So energy is 536 what? 114 00:10:28,710 --> 00:10:29,550 This energy. 115 00:10:30,770 --> 00:10:38,750 Will be helpful when we calculate the total number of units consumed when recharge the batteries, and 116 00:10:38,750 --> 00:10:45,380 it will help in estimating the cost of electricity when you charge the battery. 117 00:10:49,950 --> 00:10:56,640 So dating is the important barometer, ultimately, that's a understand what is the rating it indicates 118 00:10:56,640 --> 00:11:05,520 charging and discharging limit the metrics it represents as multiplier and our capacity of the battery 119 00:11:07,050 --> 00:11:12,900 one C means one Ampera battery charger discharge the one. 120 00:11:14,250 --> 00:11:18,840 It can also return one by the one or one by C. 121 00:11:19,890 --> 00:11:28,500 Now, this is why we need more cash to understand one by see if zero point five C or it can be C by 122 00:11:29,010 --> 00:11:37,500 two zero point five C minus one computer battery can charge or discharge at zero point vampyre only 123 00:11:37,740 --> 00:11:40,490 in zero point five C waiting to get a battery. 124 00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:42,930 Then it can be charged or discharged one. 125 00:11:42,930 --> 00:11:51,390 And that means have the NPA to Siemens one each battery can charge or discharge at two MPLX. 126 00:11:52,260 --> 00:11:59,190 If you understand what is the importance of separating, irrespective of our capacity, we can have 127 00:11:59,700 --> 00:12:03,510 higher current or possibility of. 128 00:12:05,440 --> 00:12:13,270 Hi, Carentan, it's an approval rating so that we can use the less age battery for our project if C 129 00:12:13,270 --> 00:12:20,980 rating is high, if we are hung vampira battery in order to guarantee the required 20 MPLX, then we 130 00:12:20,980 --> 00:12:29,110 can use the five C or 40 badly and even symptomatically can work and supply the sufficient current. 131 00:12:33,010 --> 00:12:39,050 Ladies here, Betty, Avanade with C10, yet Wannsee and see when is different. 132 00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:48,400 So please remember this demand better rating is very low and it is written as C, and that means only 133 00:12:48,400 --> 00:12:51,910 10 percent of the total H capacity. 134 00:12:52,300 --> 00:13:02,870 Or we can see by 10 or zero point one C, C 10 is zero point one C or C by 10 and can charge or discharge 135 00:13:03,100 --> 00:13:06,040 only zero point one and one empire. 136 00:13:06,560 --> 00:13:16,030 Our lithium battery acid battery can charge or discharge at only zero point one and. 137 00:13:22,710 --> 00:13:26,250 That lithium ion battery. 138 00:13:29,100 --> 00:13:36,990 The C rating will be specified by the manufacturer like this is MetroHealth, the empire capacity with 139 00:13:37,030 --> 00:13:38,280 800 million people. 140 00:13:38,310 --> 00:13:39,960 That means five point eight million. 141 00:13:40,590 --> 00:13:42,950 And so rating is 25. 142 00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:49,340 So we can charge of twenty 25 C bill for supplying very high current. 143 00:13:51,420 --> 00:14:01,020 And this military hearing for D.C., so it can supply even high current and this, irrespective of what 144 00:14:01,260 --> 00:14:09,330 happens to multiplication by 5.5 to 40, will give us the maximum possible current that can be discharged 145 00:14:09,330 --> 00:14:13,730 to battery at which we can discharged the battery charge, the battery. 146 00:14:14,870 --> 00:14:21,600 In some case, charge rate or discharge rate may be specified differently, geodesy and discharge S.. 147 00:14:32,600 --> 00:14:44,090 Yeah, generally use Linesville batteries are of 12 and 24 hour and 12 hour and 20 hour batteries are 148 00:14:44,090 --> 00:14:46,420 recommended for the electric bicycle project. 149 00:14:46,790 --> 00:14:53,630 If you do any less than 12 hour battery, the battery life will be very, very large because it will 150 00:14:53,630 --> 00:14:54,520 go the high current. 151 00:14:54,530 --> 00:14:57,560 We already observe the rating of the battery is very. 152 00:14:59,320 --> 00:15:03,910 Low only zero point one empire for one empire. 153 00:15:04,180 --> 00:15:07,210 So if we are having 10 percent, top 20. 154 00:15:08,560 --> 00:15:16,930 What it means to work for Ampera only, but if it drove the higher current, especially with batteries, 155 00:15:16,930 --> 00:15:25,630 can supply the more current sedating except to zero point five to one zero point five is also the maximum 156 00:15:25,630 --> 00:15:30,310 value of creating for the estimated 20 specially designed for every. 157 00:15:30,820 --> 00:15:38,440 So it is recommended to use special Metalist if you are a battery and of the higher rating. 158 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:47,700 So we need to use the higher rating when we had it included and it is recommended use only 24 hour, 159 00:15:48,820 --> 00:15:49,750 not less than 160 00:15:52,390 --> 00:15:54,700 24 will give the. 161 00:15:57,990 --> 00:16:06,190 So it is a of related batteries, because lithium ion batteries can be help design for the very special 162 00:16:06,190 --> 00:16:08,440 connection of sale and it will be modular. 163 00:16:08,860 --> 00:16:11,440 But later, battery will help 112 volt. 164 00:16:11,860 --> 00:16:23,930 And if we connect to a battery of 12 or 24 edge in cities, then we will have total capacity of 24. 165 00:16:23,930 --> 00:16:31,420 All but empire capacity will remain the same 24 hour because current will flow same current about the 166 00:16:31,420 --> 00:16:33,490 battery connected in cities. 167 00:16:34,950 --> 00:16:44,130 This is how far the voltage addition we can connect the two batteries are more sensitive than current 168 00:16:44,130 --> 00:16:49,190 communi seen very little connection up the ladder to the battery. 169 00:16:49,560 --> 00:16:58,190 If we connect to Twelver and 24h battery in parallel like this, then or the two is connected to positive 170 00:16:58,320 --> 00:16:59,960 negatives, connected to negative. 171 00:17:00,330 --> 00:17:07,890 And we are hearing from positive and negative that's connected to control of our motor and will have 172 00:17:08,190 --> 00:17:13,770 your voltage will remain realworld and 48 edge capacity will be high.