There are two main wireless operating modes.
Infrastructure and ad hoc.
So in the case of wireless networking and infrastructure mode, you are connecting your devices using
a central device, namely a wireless access point.
To join the W land or wireless LAN, the AP and all the wireless clients are configured to use the same
US ID.
The AP is and cabled to the Wired network to allow wireless clients to access, for example, Internet
connections or printers.
Additional apes can be added to the wireless lan to increase the reach of the infrastructure and support
any number of wireless clients.
So compare or contrast this to ad hoc mode networks.
Now, this makes wireless connections directly between computers.
Infrastructure mode, wireless networks use networking infrastructure.
So in this case, infrastructure refers to switches and routers, firewalls, access points or apps,
infrastructure mode, wireless networking is the mode that you most often encounter in your work as
a networking professional, supporting networks for clients or in a corporate or enterprise environment.
At a minimum, the only network infrastructure component that is required for infrastructure mode is
an access point.
But if an app is all you have, you have no more than you would have when you're using ad hoc mode.
However, most infrastructure mode, applications and implementations include other components from,
oh, well, just traditional network infrastructures.
On Linux type operating systems, acting as a station, namely a client, is usually called managed
mode, and when acting as an app, it's usually referred to as master mode.
An ad hoc network consists of at least two stations communicating without an AP.
This mode is also called peer to peer mode.
In an ad hoc network, one of the participating stations takes on some of the responsibilities of an
app such as Beaconing.
And the authentication of new clients joining the network.
So when ad hoc mode, the station taking on the responsibilities of the app does not relay packets to
other nodes like an app does.
Monitor mode is not really a wireless mode, but it is essentially important in attacking wireless networks.
In a nutshell, monitor mode allows a wireless card to monitor the packets that are received without
any filtering.
So monitor mode is essentially the promiscuous mode, if you will, equivalent for wireless.
If well, in both cases, actually, you see all the packets going across the wire or channel.
And when using some wireless drivers, this mode allows for the sending of raw Aido to 11 frames.
This mode is important for reading packets from the card, analyzing them and updating the user interface
as it determines new information, it doesn't transmit packets themselves.
Instead, it listens to all the packets on a given channel and then analyzes those packets to see just
what's going on.
So if you and your neighbors share the same channel, when you put your card into a monitor mode to
see what's going on in your network, you're going to see their traffic as well.
So why don't we go ahead and see how to enable monitor mode of the wireless network card in Caleigh
Lennix.
So we'll go to the Calli machine.
And plug in the Wi-Fi adapter that goes into your host machine.
Open the terminal screen and switch the user to the super user.
So you got to do that first.
Now, let's see the status of the adapter with the IWU config command.
So it's is managed right now.
So we can enable monitor mode with a script airman Angie.
So if we run this command without any parameters, it lists the status of the wireless interfaces.
To enable monitor mode, run airman engy start w land zero.
And as you can see before enabling it, we must kill the processes of the network managers with the
airmen and check kill command.
So let's try to run the previous command again, and it doesn't work now because we kill the processes
of the network interfaces.
And then W Land zero is switched to monitor mode.
All right.
Let's have a look at the status again.
And there it is on monitor mode now, and the name W Land Zero became W Land Zero Mont.
So to disable monitor mode, just run airman engie, stop that land, zero, man.
And now it's changed back again.
So after these steps, please note that we must restart the network manager, so service network manager
start.
And then finally, let's check the double ensure that the network managers are up and running and sure
enough, everything looks OK.
Very cool.