1 00:00:01,030 --> 00:00:05,980 Devices in the network rely on a common medium through which traffic flows. 2 00:00:05,980 --> 00:00:12,460 So this medium can take different forms categorized as bounded signals and unbounded signals. 3 00:00:12,460 --> 00:00:20,020 So bounded signals refer to the data that is controlled or confined to a specific path, typically transmitted 4 00:00:20,020 --> 00:00:22,810 over copper or fiber optic cables. 5 00:00:22,810 --> 00:00:30,310 And copper is a commonly used media type in today's networks, and it encompasses two main types coaxial. 6 00:00:30,930 --> 00:00:32,280 And twisted pair. 7 00:00:32,280 --> 00:00:38,520 Coaxial cables consist of a single copper wire surrounded by insulation and grounded shield of a braided 8 00:00:38,520 --> 00:00:38,940 wire. 9 00:00:38,940 --> 00:00:45,270 So coaxial coaxial cables were previously the primary means of data transmission on local area networks, 10 00:00:45,270 --> 00:00:48,030 but their usage has diminished. 11 00:00:48,060 --> 00:00:53,250 Nowadays, they are mainly employed by cable television companies for signal transmission. 12 00:00:53,250 --> 00:00:55,290 And we also have the twisted pair. 13 00:00:55,290 --> 00:01:02,880 Cables, on the other hand, consist of a pairs of copper wires that are twisted together. 14 00:01:02,880 --> 00:01:09,630 So the twisting provides a shielding effect that minimizes crosstalk, which is the interference between 15 00:01:09,660 --> 00:01:11,040 adjacent wires. 16 00:01:11,190 --> 00:01:19,410 Twisted pair cables are widely used in local area networks due to their affordability, ease of installation 17 00:01:19,410 --> 00:01:24,660 and the ability to handle high bandwidth for data and multimedia traffic. 18 00:01:24,690 --> 00:01:30,120 They come in two forms unshielded twisted pair and shielded twisted pair. 19 00:01:30,150 --> 00:01:37,540 Unshielded twisted pair UTP is the most common type used in local area networks, while STP offers additional 20 00:01:37,540 --> 00:01:40,600 protection against electromagnetic interference. 21 00:01:40,660 --> 00:01:47,380 Apart from copper based media, many organizations incorporate fiber optic cables to facilitate a high 22 00:01:47,380 --> 00:01:49,840 speed and high bandwidth data transmission. 23 00:01:49,870 --> 00:01:59,530 Fiber optic cables use pulses to carry network traffic over longer distances, and they offer high throughput 24 00:01:59,530 --> 00:02:04,270 and are naturally resistant to electromagnetic interference. 25 00:02:04,300 --> 00:02:07,270 Fiber optic cables are divided into two categories. 26 00:02:07,270 --> 00:02:09,190 I'm sorry, Two categories. 27 00:02:10,500 --> 00:02:11,670 Uh, which are. 28 00:02:13,320 --> 00:02:14,970 Multimode and single mode. 29 00:02:15,120 --> 00:02:25,380 So multimode fiber employs multiple light signals and has higher bandwidth compared to UTP, and it 30 00:02:25,380 --> 00:02:32,640 is typically used for backbone traffic in local area networks and can utilize either glass or plastic 31 00:02:32,640 --> 00:02:40,230 fibers as well as Led or laser signals allowing for transmission distances of up to two kilometers. 32 00:02:40,230 --> 00:02:43,770 And we also have the single mode fiber. 33 00:02:43,920 --> 00:02:52,200 This single mode fiber uses a single light signal and provides an even higher bandwidth than MMF, and 34 00:02:52,200 --> 00:02:57,810 it is capable of carrying signals over long distances, often spanning several miles. 35 00:02:57,810 --> 00:03:06,960 So SMF single mode fiber requires lasers to produce a bright, coherent light for transmission. 36 00:03:06,960 --> 00:03:15,190 And while copper, copper based and fiber optic signals or media are prevalent in wired networks, wireless 37 00:03:15,190 --> 00:03:19,510 communication has gained significant prominence. 38 00:03:19,540 --> 00:03:27,250 Wireless networks utilize unbundled signals, allowing others users to remain connected while moving 39 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:27,820 freely. 40 00:03:27,820 --> 00:03:33,460 So the two primary wireless technologies are Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. 41 00:03:33,910 --> 00:03:36,070 Of course, we also have the cellular. 42 00:03:36,070 --> 00:03:37,540 But it is it is. 43 00:03:37,810 --> 00:03:46,180 You will learn that in next lectures and Wi-Fi enables local area network LAN connectivity using the 44 00:03:46,180 --> 00:03:57,040 E3E 800.11 standards and various Wi-Fi standards such as A, B, G, n, or AC, provide different levels 45 00:03:57,040 --> 00:03:59,290 of speed and compatibility. 46 00:03:59,290 --> 00:04:05,680 So Wi-Fi has evolved to become a widely adopted wireless networking technology, enabling devices to 47 00:04:05,680 --> 00:04:09,010 connect seamlessly to the Internet and local networks. 48 00:04:09,010 --> 00:04:16,270 Bluetooth, on the other hand, is utilized for personal area network pan communication over short distances, 49 00:04:16,270 --> 00:04:24,070 and it facilitates the transfers of files, control of Internet of Things, devices and handsfree calling 50 00:04:24,070 --> 00:04:25,600 in vehicles mainly. 51 00:04:25,600 --> 00:04:32,220 So Bluetooth technology allows devices to communicate with each other and establish connections in close, 52 00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:33,790 close proximity. 53 00:04:33,790 --> 00:04:39,010 So when capturing and analyzing network traffic using tools like Wireshark, it is essential to consider 54 00:04:39,010 --> 00:04:41,860 the specific network and media involved. 55 00:04:41,860 --> 00:04:46,870 This type of media influences how traffic is captured and what information can be extracted from the 56 00:04:46,870 --> 00:04:48,250 captured packets. 57 00:04:48,250 --> 00:04:54,280 Capturing network traffic with Wireshark is commonly performed on a local area networks, where it provides 58 00:04:54,280 --> 00:04:59,830 a valuable insights for network troubleshooting, performance optimization and security analysis. 59 00:04:59,860 --> 00:05:06,340 Understanding the different types of network media and their characteristics helps network administrators 60 00:05:06,340 --> 00:05:12,970 and analysts make informed decisions about the network's infrastructure, performance optimization and 61 00:05:12,970 --> 00:05:18,360 troubleshooting by utilizing the appropriate media for different network components and considering 62 00:05:18,360 --> 00:05:21,360 the unique properties of each media type. 63 00:05:21,390 --> 00:05:27,990 Organizations can ensure efficient and reliable data transmission within their networks.