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Data transmission.

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Let's briefly look at how data is transferred from one node to another using the IP is data Graham IP

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stating encapsulation.

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So now I want to create another illustration live here for a better understanding, so let's compare.

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Here.

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Actually, it's OK.

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There's an uncomfortable.

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Yeah.

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This is our first personal computers.

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We have this switch here.

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Uh, your name.

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Which is.

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And actually not Sue, it's and let's make it more realistic.

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OK, let's put it here, uh, rather.

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Consider this as a switch.

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And let's hear another comforter, let's copy it.

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OK.

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Here.

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And let's actually.

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And it's another example that I'd love to hear.

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It.

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And this is our laptop.

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So let's give an IP address and the Mac address to these machines here.

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So for example, let's make it here.

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This is, uh, let's make it.

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One hundred ninety two point.

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One hundred one hundred ninety two point one x sixty eight point, uh, for example, one point one

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hundred here make it with a bolt here and let's make this here.

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Um.

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Well, not 100, because they are the same network.

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We will make it, uh, 101.

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Here, and let's give an address to it here of.

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Mac address.

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Mac here, my brother's will be, uh, one one zero zero two two.

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A two, an example, b three and five, five, five five.

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And this is the IP IP version four address.

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Yes, it's in fact it's an IP version four address and it's assigned.

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And so we will not assign this.

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Um, my brother is yet and.

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Let's add another here.

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Right.

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She voted for.

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Get rid of her here and change these to, for example, 50.

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Yes.

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50 analysts gave a Mac address to it, just different Mac address here, because many countries are

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unique.

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But you can change Mac addresses, uh, not only your hardware, but software away.

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So for example, six six seven seven eight eight a b, a b, um c d three three here, for example,

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this is the Mac address, and this is the IPv4 address of our computers.

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So, uh, what is real here?

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So now we will create actually connections on it.

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Yes.

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Oops.

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It's cocaine and drug here.

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So, um, actually that's connected to is this and linked with this power?

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Connect this computer to this and this to this.

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So in this example, they're not here.

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This is not here to IP address, one hundred ninety two point one hundred eighty six point one point

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one hundred one wants to send data using the IP protocol to the node at this computer.

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Um, which i with the IPO, there's four hundred ninety two point one hundred eighty six point one point

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fifty.

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So the switch device, these four words Ethernet frames between all nodes on the network.

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So the Switch doesn't need an IP address because it operates only at the link there.

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In this case.

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Actually, this is not a switch or really switch is switch switch here.

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So which is this?

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It's not a router.

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It's routers switch.

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This is a switch.

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So.

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Here's what takes place to send data between the two knots, so the operating system network gets a

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stack mode here, encapsulates the application and transports layers, data and pulls an IP packet with

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the source address of 100 actually 100.

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One hundred source address of 192.168.1.1 hundred to one.

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And how did this nation address of one hundred twenty two point one hundred eighty six eight one hundred

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sixty eight point one point fifty.

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So the operation, then the operating system can at this point encapsulate the IP data as an eternal

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frame.

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So but it might not know the Mac address of the target to not so it can request a Mac address for a

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particular IP address using the address resolution protocol e r p here.

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Let's mention it here a r p is address resolution protocol here.

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So, which sends a request to all nodes on the network to find Mac address, uh, all for the destination

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IP address and then, uh, once not at uh, this receives are actually not these amounts.

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Yes.

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Once this computer receives a r p response, it can build the frame.

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So there's a real sense.

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And the source other is to the local Mac address of these eleven point and zero zero two to A to B three

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and fifty.

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So this is a this is to this source address.

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So this will assign it to the destination address.

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So six six seven seven eight eight a b, c d three three and then the frame is transmitted on the network

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and is received by Switch.

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So.

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And finally, the switch forwards, the frame to this nation load, which unpacks the IP packet and

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verifies that the destination IP address matches.

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So then the IP pilot data is extracted and passes up the stack to be received by the waiting application.