1 00:00:00,910 --> 00:00:07,270 When you log into the system and reach the shell command prompt, you are usually placed in your home 2 00:00:07,270 --> 00:00:08,650 directory like this. 3 00:00:08,830 --> 00:00:13,660 Often you will want to explore other areas in the Linux system besides just your home directory, of 4 00:00:13,660 --> 00:00:13,900 course. 5 00:00:13,900 --> 00:00:19,690 So this lecture you will learn how to do that using the shell commands. 6 00:00:19,870 --> 00:00:24,910 To start, you need to take a tour of just the Linux file system looks like. 7 00:00:24,910 --> 00:00:25,690 So you know. 8 00:00:25,690 --> 00:00:27,280 Where are you going? 9 00:00:27,310 --> 00:00:29,950 My name is Stephan and let's get started. 10 00:00:43,180 --> 00:00:49,710 So if you are new to Linux system, you may be confused by how it references files and directories, 11 00:00:49,720 --> 00:00:54,890 especially if you are used to the way that the Microsoft Windows operating system does that. 12 00:00:54,910 --> 00:01:01,450 So before exploring the Linux system, it helps to have an understanding of what's laid out. 13 00:01:01,450 --> 00:01:07,930 So the first difference you will notice in the Linux does not use the drive letters in the path names. 14 00:01:08,050 --> 00:01:15,130 So in Windows world, the partitions on physical drives installed on the computer determine the path 15 00:01:15,130 --> 00:01:16,170 name of the file. 16 00:01:16,180 --> 00:01:18,250 So Windows assigns a letter. 17 00:01:18,790 --> 00:01:25,840 Windows assigns a letter to each physical disk drive partition, and each one contains its own directory 18 00:01:25,840 --> 00:01:28,250 structure for accessing files stored on it. 19 00:01:28,270 --> 00:01:38,620 So for example, Windows, maybe you use the sync files like C drive D drive in Windows and the Windows 20 00:01:38,620 --> 00:01:48,290 file path tells you exactly which physical disk partition contains the file named for example test dot. 21 00:01:49,860 --> 00:01:52,140 The text here to. 22 00:01:55,060 --> 00:01:57,720 T x t here. 23 00:01:57,760 --> 00:02:04,720 So for example, if you save the text dot txt on the flash drive, for example, in this case it's the 24 00:02:04,720 --> 00:02:15,160 flash drive D here the C needed by the letter D, the file path would be like d here and test. 25 00:02:16,750 --> 00:02:21,600 Test dot t x t here. 26 00:02:23,390 --> 00:02:24,770 Let's actually make it look the. 27 00:02:28,010 --> 00:02:29,780 Test.txt. 28 00:02:38,760 --> 00:02:42,630 So this is not the method in the used by Linux, obviously. 29 00:02:42,630 --> 00:02:46,020 So this is just a Windows method that I wanted to show you here. 30 00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:49,530 So the virtual directory contains the file path. 31 00:02:49,530 --> 00:02:52,500 So firstly, the Linux here. 32 00:02:52,530 --> 00:02:53,940 This is the Linux file system. 33 00:02:53,940 --> 00:03:02,400 The Linux file system stores files with a single directory structure here. 34 00:03:03,060 --> 00:03:12,930 So this structure called virtual directory, the virtual directory directory contains file paths from 35 00:03:12,930 --> 00:03:19,070 all the storage devices installed on the computer, merged into a single directory structure. 36 00:03:19,080 --> 00:03:26,010 So here you will notice that the Linux uses the forward slashes like this instead of a backward slash 37 00:03:26,340 --> 00:03:29,100 like windows to denote the directories in file path. 38 00:03:29,100 --> 00:03:37,320 So the backward slash character in Linux denotes an escape character and causes all sorts of problems. 39 00:03:37,320 --> 00:03:39,460 When you use it in a file path. 40 00:03:39,460 --> 00:03:46,180 So this is this might take some time to getting used to even if you are coming from the Windows environment. 41 00:03:46,180 --> 00:03:53,170 So in Linux you will see the path names, for example, the root home. 42 00:03:54,380 --> 00:03:59,840 Uh, and in home, for example, we, we we can have the documents here. 43 00:03:59,960 --> 00:04:01,220 Documents? 44 00:04:04,010 --> 00:04:11,120 And in docs we have we may have the, for example, test.txt. 45 00:04:13,370 --> 00:04:15,070 The X team. 46 00:04:15,590 --> 00:04:18,260 So this year. 47 00:04:19,680 --> 00:04:21,570 Uh, it's not like, uh, windows, right? 48 00:04:21,570 --> 00:04:29,250 So, uh, firstly, you come from the root home, then docs directory and then finally file here. 49 00:04:29,250 --> 00:04:37,560 So this indicates that the file test.txt in the directory is documents under the directory home which 50 00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:39,990 is contained in the directory home. 51 00:04:39,990 --> 00:04:48,450 So obviously in the home here you will have the some user here and then the the directories here. 52 00:04:48,450 --> 00:04:55,950 So the tricky part about the Linux virtual directory is how it incorporates each storage device. 53 00:04:55,950 --> 00:05:01,860 So the first harddrive installed in a Linux system is called the root drive here. 54 00:05:02,430 --> 00:05:08,430 So on the root drive, Linux can use special directories as a mount points. 55 00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:15,180 So mount points are directories in the virtual directory where you can assign additional storage devices 56 00:05:15,180 --> 00:05:22,540 so Linux houses, files and directories to appear within this Mount Point directories here. 57 00:05:22,840 --> 00:05:29,140 Um, and even though they are physically stored on a different drive, so often systems files are physically 58 00:05:29,140 --> 00:05:30,850 stored on the root drive here. 59 00:05:30,850 --> 00:05:38,170 So usually typically stored on the separate drives or users in Linux.