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Hello everybody and welcome back to the Linux Part 2 tutorial.

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Well Linux commands part tutorial.

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Now as you may see right here I have two terminals open one.

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I will just write the comments as we do them.

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And in the other one I will put them in a text file.

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So just I will open this comment that texting you have to open this file.

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This is just for me so I know which commands I covered in which I didn't.

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And the other one we will just test the commands in this one.

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So before we begin I just want to mention the command that we did in the previous video which is the

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city command.

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Now you know that you now know that it stands for change directory and basically just change the directory

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to another directory from this terminal.

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Now for example let's say we want to go to document directory.

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We could just have here see these documents.

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But the question now is if for example if you wanted to go one directory back how do you do that.

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Well there comes the simple command which also starts with C D but instead of typing here a directory

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you can just use Type 2 dots which will basically lead you one directory back.

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So if I present right here let me back the previous directory to the root directory.

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As you can see right here print working directory we are again in the root.

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And if we type Ellis to list the current folders and files in this directory we will once again see

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the documents right here

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basically just wanted to mention that that you can change directory with a document with the city command

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and you can also go on directory back.

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So for example if you wanted if you had let's say a directory

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in the documents directory I just created it with M K Kadir command we also cover that in the previous

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video stands for make directory.

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You can see that now in documents directory we have a number one another directory which I basically

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called just directory and also let's go to that directory and you can see that our current path right

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now is slash documents slash directory now in order to go back to directories.

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You can just type here two times.

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And then two dots and then see these then two dots.

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And now we are going to be back once again in the root directory.

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So now that we got that out of the way I will just type it right here so I know I cover that command

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and we will clear the screen for the next command.

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Now this one is a simple command.

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For example if you wanted to check out on which account are you currently which most likely will be

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on the root account.

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You can just type here command which basically does what it says it's who am I.

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The command basically just asks Who is the current user of this terminal.

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And right now as we can see it is rude you can just read from here.

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If you if you don't need to even write this command you can just read it from this first word right

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here which will most likely be rude unless you have another account which will cover in some next videos

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how to make another account which could be useful because we do not want to run all our programs as

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a route user.

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It can be dangerous.

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So in another radio we will cover how to make another user which you could use for some potentially

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dangerous programs.

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So now I will just write it right here.

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This is not really that useful comment but in case you forget or in case a user is named something differently

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than rude you can just check here with who am I.

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Comment now there is a comment that I used in the previous videos but never really explained what it

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does.

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And right now we will cover it.

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It's a it's an important comment especially if you're running some of the programs or downloading the

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programs which are not executable.

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And you for example want to make them and executable so you can run them in your terminal.

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Now in order to demonstrate this command I would just go and make folder code programs because we can

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see it is right here and I will change my directory into that program right now.

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I will basically just create a simple simple python program

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that simple python program we will call well we can just go program that it doesn't really matter.

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Right here all this code a simple addition program.

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Just give me one second.

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It doesn't matter at the moment.

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What am I doing.

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But we will be also covering by the late Ron for example enter first number

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will be for example and the second number and C will equal eight times B.

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Now this is simple to understand we basically ask for an input for two numbers.

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No just making an addition and storing it in C and then we will we can basically just print that number

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at C number the result.

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So we just type here result equals 2 and then plus string from C.

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I hope this works it should probably work.

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So we have here a program called program but by way it is a python program but you might notice that

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if we tried to run that program and you'd do that by typing here dot and then slash and then the name

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of the program you'll notice that it won't work.

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It would say permission denied.

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Now why is the permission denied.

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Well if we use a command.

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Let me just clear clear a screen right here we have a command that we covered previously do which is

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Alice minus L. A we can see all the files in the current directory.

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Also the hidden files and also our program.

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But by now.

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What interests us here.

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Is this part right here.

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Basically these are just the modes that are enabled for this file.

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R stands for Reed now that stands for right and X stands for execute.

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Now you might notice that in our program the PI we don't have an x which stands for execute.

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Therefore we cannot really execute that program in order to make that program executable.

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We want to type here c h mode plus X. And then the name of the program.

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Now if I click here enter and type your Ellis L.A. again you can see now that the program changed its

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color and not only the color.

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It also added the x which stands for as I said executable.

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You can see the difference from here and from here.

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And that's how you can check if the program is executable or not.

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So now let's clear the screen now.

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If you wanted to you can run the program it Alaska center first number let's say three and through second

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number four and it will say result equals 212.

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Now it isn't.

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This comment is important and you should learn it be used to make any program that is not executable

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and executable so negative that that comment all the way I would just remove this book.

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Well actually I believe it right here.

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Maybe we'll use it for another comment such as cat.

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Let's cover that comment right now.

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Cat basically the comment cat stands for what not stands for it basically just prints out the contents

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of the file on into our own terminal as an output.

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So if you type your cat and then the name of our file for example if you just type a to just print out

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the code that we just type as you can see right here it can be used.

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So you don't really open the file in order to read this.

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You can just print it out in the terminal with cat command and it will just print out all the contents

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from the file.

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Now that is not the use of this command.

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Basically the menus of this command would probably be in some of the bigger files where you just want

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to find a certain thing in that in order to demonstrate what I mean.

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We will combine the cat command with the another command called grep.

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Now basically what grep does is if you want to list for example a huge file with bunch of words and

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from that huge file you want to know you want to put aside all the words that contain for example password

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in the let me just demonstrate.

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Maybe it's easier if they demonstrate it.

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Now what you create in progress file another file with you which will be called of the extreme and here

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will just type here a bunch of words and then one two three password one two three then a bunch of words.

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And for example a b c password X for example and then a bunch of other random stuff.

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Now if we save this file serial city are out to save enter to save under that name and see TRL X to

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close.

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We can see that right here we have that word that the c file.

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Now in order to see the contents of that file as I said we can type just cat warns that the extreme

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and we will see all of those words.

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Now here we can basically with our own eyes find the all the words that contain password in them.

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But let's say for example you wanted to let's say for example that this file was much bigger with millions

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and millions of words you can possibly just go through all of those words and just fine by yourself.

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All of those comments and not comments all of those words that contained passwords in them.

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So what you want to do is combine the kept command with the grep command.

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How do we do that.

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Well basically we just thought of the same command cat words that the AKC and then we basically like

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the grep comment how do we pipe.

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Well basically this straight line to stop it right here and then you type here grep and then then the

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word that you want to be contained in the other words.

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So for example password in our case.

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Now what this will do it will list all the words that contain the word password and then as we see it

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on listed two words which is ABC password X and one two three password one two three so it is often

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a very important mix of two comments which you will be using a lot at least I am using it a lot in my

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case.

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So let's continue with another comment which can be right now echo basically eco you can just use it

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to add for example a word into another file without opening it.

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For example I want to add John as a word into file words the text.

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So you just do you just type echo John and then this arrow that points to right and then supports that.

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And you can see the command worked.

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And right now if we get the that that Steve it will only be John.

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Now you might be asking where did the other words go.

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Well if you use the echo command it will basically have they say that it will mean they will rewrite

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the entire text file.

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So from those bunch of words it both basically deleted all of them and just put John in there.

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Now if we use another word let's say echo Jake into the sea and we can once again words like this in

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order to see if we can see that John is no longer there it's only Jake so that we just type hear the

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echo comment.

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One more thing you want to know which I probably should've mentioned at the beginning and it is really

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important is this command right here APD updates and one second APD upgrades.

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Now this basically these referring to your lineage scanning and suppositories and it will basically

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just check with the updates from there.

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And in case there are some updates it will download them and you can install the updates with the app

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upgrade command.

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Now you want to run this command as you finish the installation of clinics but we will be doing that

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command in a next video because the apps upgrade command will take after the installation I believe

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about an hour in order to finish because it will download just a bunch of other files and upgrade them.

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And I don't even know what not to just take a lot of time.

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That's what I know.

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So we'll be doing that command at the end.

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So right now if you for example want to check out the history of all of the commands you typed previously

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in this current session of the session of terminal you can just do that with the simple command which

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says history and just print us right here all the commands they ran before.

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So as you can see right here these are the commands that we ran before.

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It's not that useful but you might need it sometime.

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I don't use that much next command.

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We want to do.

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Let's say for example we want to copy the.

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You want to copy the program that by file into another directory so just create directory another directory

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in this program directory.

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So we'll call it test directory for example.

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And now you can see that we have the test directory which is blue and the green program that pipe file

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which is an executable.

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Now you want to for example copy this file into the Test directory.

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We do that with the simple CPE command.

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Well C.P. basically stands for copy and you just type here the file that you want to copy which in our

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case is program the pie and then you type in type here the directory you want to copy it in and in our

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case it is best.

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So just press your enter and basically as you can see right now if we change directory to test we will

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have also a program API there.

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And they're basically identical so if we get this program back by internal directory then we go one

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directory back can get here a program provider basically identical because we copy them.

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So let me just put here S.P. comment.

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We finish that comment.

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But let's say for example you didn't want to copy the file that you just deleted from the text directory

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you wanted to move it.

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It is no longer here.

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You want to move it from program programs directory into text directory.

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You do that with the command which tends to move program the pie and then the directory where we want

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to move it.

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So test in uppercase you can see right now if we type here else in order to list all the files we can

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see that the program the pie is no longer here it is now moved to the test directory.

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So we type your Alice in the test directory and now it is only here.

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Now this command can be used for two things in order to move files from one directory to another directory

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and in order to rename files.

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So for example if I type here Move program the pie and then I don't specify I directory where I want

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to move it but they specify another name for the file.

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So let's say another name the pie which is not a directory is a file it will rename the program that

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pie into another name the pie as we can see right here there is no problem that by now the program is

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called another name the pie.

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And if we catch it right here we can see that it is the same program that we type before so it is also

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important to know that it can be used for two things which is we name any more.

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Just so you know.

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And now we can basically right now we can cover some of the more basic comments such as men.

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Now this comment basically is used for opening a manual for any other comments.

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If we type here men.

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Men cat it will open us a file which will basically give you all the options available for the cat comment

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as you can see right here it can be used for any other comments of this type here.

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MAN See it will open up a manual for the CPD command where you can see what else you can do with the

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CB comment as it says right here.

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Copy files and directories.

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Now for example you can type here man.

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History.

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No I don't know if you can.

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Yes it has the manual on the history based sex manual for all the other commands these manuals though

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are already pre installed on linux.

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You will have them with the installation of it so you can just check out if you forget what some command

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does or something like that.

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You can just type your land and then grep and it will basically open you up with manual and you can

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just read right here and use the command.

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So now the figure that the way you will be using manual a lot in the program slate from which you do

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not know how they work so you will be opening up a lot of manuals in order to find out the command that

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you need to use in order to run that program.

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Also if we for example wanted to let's say locate some of the files you for example forgot where we

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sent the file and we want to locate it.

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We can do that with simple command code locate so let me just try here with another name.

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Apply for example.

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Yeah.

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I don't think it will work like this.

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I'm pretty sure why but for example you want to locate every file in the system which has word in it.

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You can just type your locate and you will see that we have it will print up a bunch of these files

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and they all have in some of the parts that they have worked in.

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So let's see right here.

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As you can see this file has than it right here.

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So Kelly minus S word and then something else.

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All of these files will have a word in it.

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So let's say you want to locate everything that has more list.

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It will also print out all the files that have what list net as you can see where this list were less

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than were list dot list and so on and so on.

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So we call that command as well.

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Now this is about it for this story.

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And in the next one we will cover some of the comments which are not new are more towards the system

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that you're using so for example not that checks some of the system settings you will be running the

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commands that will show you in the next video such as for example shut down.

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Yes to name and restart reboot and so on and so on.

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I have config and bunch of those network commands.

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So you should learn this.

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You should remember like these are some of the more important commands that you will be using all the

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time.

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And that's about it for this tutorial.

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I hope I see you in the next one by.