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‫Welcome back.

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‫In this video, I would like to give you a little bit better of an understanding of what's happening

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‫with all of those console methods that we are using and that we are going to use quite a bit in the

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‫future.

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‫So I just want to give you a little bit of a background information.

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‫Most of what you are going to see is not going to be relevant if you just want to use it.

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‫But if you really want to understand what's going on, then this is the right video for you.

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‫So let's get started.

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‫So the thing is, there are various methods available in that console class and we are going to look

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‫at the ones that are relevant in order to input something and in order to get an output.

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‫All right.

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‫So we're going to look into that.

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‫So let's get started.

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‫First of all, we have this console, right?

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‫And this prints and keeps the cursor on the same line.

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‫So basically this allows us to print something onto the console and we can see it.

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‫So if we use this code here console, right, and within brackets and quotation marks, we have text

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‫here.

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‫What this code would do is it would print text here onto our console and we can then see that that is

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‫especially useful when you have some values that you want to display and see if your code actually worked.

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‫And this is very useful, especially as a beginner when starting to program, so that you can actually

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‫see what your code does and it will output something.

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‫So right is one way of doing something.

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‫So there is this class called console and this is predefined within C-sharp, so we can just use it

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‫and this allows us to basically use its methods.

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‫And one of those methods is right.

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‫Okay.

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‫So if we want to write something, we can use console dot, right?

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‫And then within brackets and within quotation marks, we enter whatever we want to display on the console.

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‫But there is another way we can also use right line and this prints and puts the cursor in the next

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‫line.

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‫So when you use right line instead of right, it will do the same thing.

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‫It will also print the text onto the line where it was, but it will also do a line break, so to speak.

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‫So it puts the cursor onto the next line.

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‫Okay, so that's the only difference between the two.

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‫And then we have console that read.

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‫This takes a single input of type string and it returns an ASCII value of that input.

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‫So it returns an integer value.

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‫So string is just one type of data, it's the text type and int is the numbers type.

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‫So the whole numbers type, we're going to look into strings and numbers and the two to different types

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‫in a lot of detail later on.

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‫But for now, just remember, strings are for text, integers are for numbers.

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‫Now you might wonder, what is this ASCII that Dennis is talking about?

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‫Well, ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

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‫This is a seven bit character code, which basically allows us to use characters and interpret them

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‫by the computer.

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‫So the computer basically interprets whatever we enter.

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‫So, for example, scrolling all the way down and a which is the character and symbol A internally is

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‫this value here as a.

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‫Binary value.

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‫So as binary value is 015 zeros one.

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‫And as a decimal value is 65.

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‫So in total there are 256 values inside of this ASCII code table and 256 because it starts at zero all

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‫the way up here.

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‫This is just a little side note.

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‫You don't really need to remember any of that.

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‫It's just for you to know if you want to understand a little better what this ASCII even means.

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‫So that is not just a random word that you have heard, but also that you have a little bit of an understanding

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‫what's going on here.

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‫So now there is another method called red line, which takes a string or an integer input and returns

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‫it as the output value.

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‫So.

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‫The Dodd method.

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‫What it does is it takes the input as ASCII or returns it as ASCII value, but the red line returns

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‫the actual output.

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‫So whatever we have entered will also be returned.

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‫And by return we I mean we can then reuse it in our code.

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‫So basically this allows us to write code where the user has to enter something into the console and

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‫that can then be used to do some calculations or actually run the program.

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‫That's very useful.

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‫So whenever you want to have user input, this is very helpful to this console about red line.

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‫And then there is also red key.

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‫This only takes a single.

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‫Character, so takes a single input of type string and it returns the key info.

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‫So details about the key that was entered will be returned.

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‫And now you can decide what you want to do with that.

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‫All right.

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‫So now let's look at some sample code, because all of this theory is good and all.

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‫But it sometimes just makes sense to look at actual code and see how that actually works.

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‫So here we can see we have this static void main, which is our main entry point for our class and our

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‫project in general.

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‫So here we have a line of code which says console dot, right line.

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‫Hello, welcome.

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‫So this prints the text and jumps to a new line.

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‫That's what this code will do.

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‫But then we have also console that, right?

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‫And here we say hello.

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‫This also prints the text in the same line, but it doesn't jump to the new line.

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‫And then we have console.

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‫Right.

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‫Welcome.

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‫Which is the same as hello.

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‫Only that the text that is displayed is different.

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‫So now let's also use console read key, which basically just waits for us to enter a key once again.

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‫So this basically just blocks our program from stopping or from finishing, and that's what we can use

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‫quite often, or what we will use quite often in order to keep the program running without shutting

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‫down.

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‫Depending on your settings.

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‫This is not necessary, but in most cases it will be required.

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‫So I'm just going to keep it here.

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‫So basically this just leaves our program open so that we can see whatever is printed onto the console.

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‫Otherwise the console would close very quickly and we wouldn't even see what the result was.

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‫Okay, so now let's look at the output here.

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‫Okay.

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‫So the output will be hello, welcome.

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‫So this is printed as a result of console right line and then we will have hello, welcome together

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‫in one word print as the result of our to console right statements because console right doesn't create

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‫any empty spaces.

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‫That doesn't create an additional line break if we don't specifically instruct it to do so.

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‫So here I want to show you an example for the red line method and also for the red key method.

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‫So we have at the main method once again, inside of the main method, which is our entry point here,

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‫we have the right method which says Enter a string and press enter.

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‫So the user will be seeing enter a string and press enter.

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‫Then in this line here we take the input of the user by using console dot red line and we store it inside

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‫of red input.

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‫And then what we do is we use console that bright line in order to display whatever the user has entered.

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‫So we say you have entered and here we use curly brackets, zero curly brackets and right input.

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‫So basically what we are doing here is we say you have entered and then whatever the user has entered.

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‫So this curly bracket, zero curly brackets, we'll just use whatever comes after the comma here and

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‫will replace itself with the entry that is inside of this variable here.

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‫And then we write Enter a string and press enter.

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‫So here we used the console that read method and we use int ASCII values.

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‫So we store it in the variable called ASCII values or whatever the user enters.

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‫And then we just say whatever the user has entered here.

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‫So we say ASCII value is and then the actual ASCII value of the value that the user has entered.

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‫So now for you as a little exercise, you use that code and play around with it.

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‫Just see what the output will be.

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‫Just going to give you a quick example here.

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‫So here, what we have is we enter a string and then press enter.

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‫So in my case, I'm just entering.

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‫Dennis And it will just say You have entered Dennis then it will say, enter any key and press enter.

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‫So I'm just going to press the D and it will return to ask the value of that entered value, which is

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‫68.

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‫Now, if we look here and we go to line 68, we can see that it is, in fact, the Uppercase RD.

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‫All right.

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‫So that was it.

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‫That's a little introduction to the console class and how we can use some of the methods.

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‫If you want to know more about the different methods of that console class, you can of course check

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‫out the documentation.

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‫Here you will find the console class and there you can see that there are a bunch of methods.

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‫So when you go to the methods, you can see be clear, move buffer read key read lines.

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‫So the ones that we know are read, read, key re line and then the right one.

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‫So right and right line.

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‫But you can see there are a bunch more set window positions at window size and so forth.

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‫So if you want to know more about a specific method, you can just click on it and you will see Red

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‫Line.

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‫What does it do?

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‫Well, there are a bunch of overloads.

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‫What is an overload or an overload are many different versions of the same method that have different

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‫input options.

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‫So here we can have an input of three different values.

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‫So a string, an object and an object.

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‫We will see later on what objects are and how that works.

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‫But basically the red line that we use is this bright line here where we just enter a string and if

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‫you want to know more about it, you can just click on it and you will see that it will return a void

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‫or return nothing.

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‫So it writes a specific string value followed by the current line terminated to the standard output

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‫string.

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‫All right.

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‫But as I said, we will look a lot more into that later on.

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‫It will make a lot more sense.

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‫So don't worry if you didn't understand every single part of it and don't worry about memorizing all

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‫of that, we will just use those methods quite extensively.

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‫And and that will become very natural later on.

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‫All right.

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‫So see you in the next video.