In this lesson, we're going to talk about recovery and mako's.
We're going to cover Bhoot selection and using the Apple recovery utilities.
We're going to discuss what you want to do when your Mac boot up off the regular internal hard disk.
This might be a Mac that boots with a flash and questionmark folder or a circle with a line through
it or something like that where the hardware actually seems to be working fine as far as booting up.
But for whatever reason, Mac OS cannot start off the boot volume.
We end up putting up the Mac using another disk or partition that has a bootable copy of Mac OS.
And we'll do this by putting up using modifier keys and user recovery utilities that are built in to
diagnose the problem and then potentially install a new copy of Mac OS on the bootable drive.
All right, to get started.
Going to talk a little bit about keyboard shortcuts and how to boot up your Mac in other ways other
than that off of the internal hard disk.
So the first thing we're going to talk about is, you know, all these keyboard shortcuts, you basically
will hold down the keys when you turn your back on, but before the Apple logo would appear on screen.
So you want to basically turn on the Mac and then immediately hold down one of these keys.
The first one I'll talk about is holding down the option key, which will go into the start of this
election mode.
What you'll see instead of the Apple logo is something like what I've got on the screen here with one
or multiple different hard drive partitions or attach hard disks that you can put your Mac up from.
You can select one or you can take the default, in this case, the Macintosh hard drive and put into
normal mode.
But this is the easiest way to see what different drives are available to you to build off of rather
than just the internal hard disk.
The other one that's commonly used as local to your machine is putting into the recovery partition,
the recovery partition is a set of utilities that Apple puts in as part of the operating system that
you can choose if you need to do some troubleshooting on your Mac OS install on the actual boot partition.
Same deal here.
Power up your Mac hold down option and R and that'll boot into that recovery mode if you don't have
a recovery partition or it's unable to be booted from the recovery partition.
You also have the option to boot up holding down the option key and selecting from the drop down menu
a local Internet connection like a wireless network connection that you can find.
Join that and then you'll be able to hold down the keyboard shortcuts for option command and R, which
will force a boot off of Apple's Internet recovery server.
And what you'll see is something like this, the logo will change.
Instead of seeing an Apple logo, you'll see the spinning globe and it'll say starting Internet recovery.
This may take a while.
And it does warn you that it takes a while.
And I will tell you it does.
It takes between five and 10 minutes, depending on your Internet speed, to boot up.
But basically what it does is it boosts your Mac over the Internet off of a copy of Mac OS that's sitting
in Apple's servers on their cloud.
Once you boot up in that mode, you'll have the same options that you would in the local recovery mode,
in the same utilities will talk about it a little bit later in the session.
But this is a surefire way as long as you've got an Internet connection that you can at least put up
your Mac and begin to diagnose some problems with it.
And then lastly, there's boot mode for legacy machines.
These are machines that do not have a two security chip in them.
I'll talk a little bit more about the T to chip in a future lesson.
But basically any Mac that was manufactured prior to twenty eighteen did have the ability to boot into
a network boot.
And basically what was was on an Austin server, you could have a net boot set which provided an operating
system on the network, on your local area network that you're Maczka boot off of due to some of the
new security features of the T to chip, that is no longer acceptable way of booting off of a network
drive.
But in the past you could do that.
So if you have an older Mac and you do have a Mac OS and server that has a net boot image set, you
can certainly hold down the NT key and it will boot up as well.
You'll see something more like this with an Apple logo in a smaller spinning globe that will be booting
up off your local area network.
And it's typically a little bit faster than booting up off of Apple's Internet recovery mode.
Once you put into recovery mode, you'll see that you've got a number of different utilities.
I'm going to cover a few of them today.
The first one is the restore from time machine backup.
So that's an option.
If you've been using a backup hard drive connected to your Mac and the time machine configuration,
you can restore your operating system, all your applications, your documents, pretty much up to the
minute from the last time machine backup that occurred.
You can reinstall Mac OS, which will basically, with some options, install Mac OS over top of your
existing OS 10 installation.
It will put the old operating system in a previous operating system folder and install a new copy of
the OS.
Try to retain most of your settings and your documents, folders and things like that if you so choose.
And then last is disk utility and I'm going to go into disk utility and a little bit more detail next.
And that's basically where you interact with your hard drive.
You can do anything that you have attached to your machine as far as disks management you can reformat.
And this is particularly important in the recovery utilities component in that the only time you can
really interact with the disk that you're operating system is on.
Typically, the internal hard disk is through the Apple recovery utility because you're not currently
booted off of that hard drive.
You're booted off of Apple's server that allows you to reformat the drive and do other things, which
I'll show you how to do next.
All right.
So I've gone ahead and opened up disk utility.
And I want to just give you guys kind of an overview of the interface here.
Over here on the left hand side, we've got both my internal and external drives.
And you can see I've got a couple of external USB drives plugged in a blink drive.
It's one hundred twenty eight gig SSD and then a McGarvie install USB disk.
And then I've got my internal Macintosh hard drive.
We're actually running my operating system from across the top here.
I've got my options and tools to interact with my disks.
And as I had mentioned earlier, to actually interact with the Macintosh hard drive.
You have to be booted off of another disk.
It has to either be a USB drive using Apple's recovery server or something else where I'm not actually
running the current operating system on my hard drive.
So I'm going to use the untitled disk as an example because I am running off that internal hard drive
in this in this case.
So across the top here, I have a few different options.
Disk first aid goes through the ability to basically run, you know, some any kind of repairs to partition
maps and other things on the drive.
I typically don't need to run disk first aid, but if I am having problems with my drive booting up,
that is always a good place to start.
If you're trying to troubleshoot a problem with your operating system on your your main hard disk are
arrays and partition based.
It's the drive, go in and erase it and set one of these format options with it.
You can also go into your security options if you're racing a disk.
Let's say that you had sensitive data on it.
You may want to choose one of these higher level security options were actually runs.
Right?
Xeros over the entire disk, making it harder to to get that data back.
And there's this goes all the way up to a seven pass DOD type.
If it's required by your organization most of the time, you'll probably just take the default, which
is the fastest option.
If you're doing a seven passes wipe, that's going to take a very long time.
So I'll just go ahead and stick with that.
As far as format goes, Apple's in the middle of a transition right now.
They they were using Mac OS extended or what was called HFS plus the the old Mac OS hierarchical file
system.
They've recently moved into a new file system called Apps or Apple File System with some of the newer
OS and on iOS.
So that will eventually be the default.
Right now we're going to take hierarchical file system for this particular option.
I'm going to go ahead and just name this just called Mac Boot Drive.
They'll be my external drive for booting up my Mac.
I need to I'll hit race and once it's done, I'm going to say no to a time machine and when it's done,
it'll be ready to go.
So now I've got my drive erased here and I've got the ability to now install Mac OS on it as it's not
formatted for the Mac Macintosh file system.
I can also just quickly show you I can also do a partition here.
If I wanted to add a partition, I can hit the plus here to add a partition or multiple ones.
I can adjust the sizes with the GUI or I can just type in different sizes here.
But I'm not going to partition this because I just want one single partition.
But that's where you'd go in to make those changes.
And then once I'm ready to go ahead and get started with the installation, I can go ahead and quit
out of disk utility and move forward with my install of Mac OS.
In the disk utility video I mentioned HFS plus versus apps for filesystems, and I wanted to talk a
little bit more about apps.
HFS plus or hierarchical file system, as I had mentioned, is the Legacy Mac file system and it's been
around for many, many years predating Intel Macs even.
And then is the up and coming file system that Apple's trying to push out and standardize across all
other devices, from iPhones to iPads to Macs.
And so apps obviously a little bit more modern.
So it's got a lot of new modern security features, particularly the encryption being built in.
It's not easily cloned to other Macs.
So if you are using a workflow where you're trying to build a big monolithic image on one Mac and then
clone that to other models, that's actually something Apple is trying to get away from.
They really want more of a thin imaging style where you just install a base operating system and then
automate the installation of your applications above that.
So we'll get into that later on in the class.
So Apass and then also with the two security chip, there's much, much less of an option to build that
classic style imaging if you're trying to set up many, many computers to look exactly the same.
So there's so many things we'll have to do to get around that.
There's an option when you're formatting for apps to choose case sensitive.
I did that and thought, hey, this will this will be fine.
It's got all the features.
I want to really try ABFS out.
And then I ran into a problem when I went to install Adobe Photoshop, I actually couldn't install Creative
Cloud on the machine because it was a case sensitive volume.
So be aware that not every application is going to support that.
If you have a need to run a variety of different applications, some older, I would definitely stick
with just the standard vanilla apps, not try to do anything with the case sensitive options just in
case you run into a problem like I did.
And then finally, Apps is really moving to the default for a non spinning disk drives.
In fact, with the release of High Sierra, that was basically the default you were going to get apps
if you had a solid state drive, if you had a spinning platter, disk drive, more of your classic hard
drive, you could still use HFS plus.
But I think even with the move to McGarvey, the the support of HFS Plus as a default is starting to
go away even on those spinning this.
So apps is the future.
And if you have the option to format a new drive, you probably want to stick with that to begin with,
especially if you're doing a clean install of McGarvey or High Cierra.
The other recovery utility I wanted to cover real quick today is the start up disk and you can find
that conveniently hidden under the Apple menu.
It's not listed under the utilities menu.
It's not even listed in the various Rickover utilities.
Alongside this utility or time machine, so you have to find that underneath the Apple logo startup
desk, and when you're into that Apple recovery boot and start a desk is a great tool because it allows
you to look at all the different drives that you can boot up off of and specify what that is.
So I'll demo that now.
So this is a startup disk utility and it's going to list all the different drives that I can boot up
off of.
If I was on a network that had a net boot set, I would be available to me.
I would have that listed here and the internal disk that I can boot up off of and I'll do that now.
I will also see the option to choose that as well.
So you can choose between different boot up drives.
And when you click on them, you'll see that you've selected that.
Now, when you do that, it will basically default to that option.
So if you choose a drive that maybe isn't always connected to your computer, like an external USB drive,
for example, selecting that, it's going to always try to boot off the that USB drive so that can slow
down your boot up time.
It's always a good idea.
Any changes you make in the startup disk to go back and revisit those?
And for best performance options, make sure that you're choosing the internal drive.
Once you've done finished doing the things you need to do to the drive, either reformatting it, reinstall
Mac OS or any kind of other changes.
From a recovery perspective, you'll want to go in and change that back once everything's happy and
healthy with your Mac.
The other thing I'll note here is just kind of neat that a lot of folks overlook is this target disk
mode option.
And what this does, this will actually allow you if you have a Thunderbolt cable and another Mac,
you can take a healthy Mac and plug it in to your Mac that may be having some issues over a Thunderbolt
cable and reboot the computer in a target disk mode.
And that basically will mount the hard drive of your internal the internal hard drive of your Mac that
may be having problems that are mounted as a disk on the other computer.
And that can be particularly helpful if you've just got to get some data off of it before you blow the
hard drive away.
You can use target disk mode to recover any data, assuming that you've got the passwords to decrypt
it and things like that.
So that's always also a very good use for the start of disk utility.
So we're going to go ahead and just click this back to the regular Macintosh hard drive and quit on
a startup disk and move forward with restaurant selection.