1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,680 Once your organization has determined 2 00:00:01,680 --> 00:00:04,140 that using the cloud is the right solution for them, 3 00:00:04,140 --> 00:00:05,837 the next decision is whether to host it onsite 4 00:00:05,837 --> 00:00:10,470 or to contract it as a hosted solution from a third party. 5 00:00:10,470 --> 00:00:12,270 When hosting a solution onsite, 6 00:00:12,270 --> 00:00:14,940 this is often referred to as on-premise. 7 00:00:14,940 --> 00:00:16,440 While using on-premise solutions 8 00:00:16,440 --> 00:00:18,330 are great from a security standpoint, 9 00:00:18,330 --> 00:00:19,605 they are extremely costly, 10 00:00:19,605 --> 00:00:22,110 and you're going to have to have an entire team of people 11 00:00:22,110 --> 00:00:24,390 working to support those solutions. 12 00:00:24,390 --> 00:00:26,198 Now, if you decide to use an on-premise solution, 13 00:00:26,198 --> 00:00:29,130 that means you're going to need to procure all the hardware, 14 00:00:29,130 --> 00:00:31,590 the software, and all the personnel necessary, 15 00:00:31,590 --> 00:00:34,170 to run your organization's cloud solution. 16 00:00:34,170 --> 00:00:35,340 In addition to this, 17 00:00:35,340 --> 00:00:36,900 you're also going to need to have a facility 18 00:00:36,900 --> 00:00:38,040 for that data center, 19 00:00:38,040 --> 00:00:39,390 which can hold all the equipment 20 00:00:39,390 --> 00:00:41,340 and provide adequate space, power, 21 00:00:41,340 --> 00:00:43,860 and cooling for it to work properly. 22 00:00:43,860 --> 00:00:46,680 Because of this, many organizations instead decide 23 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:48,390 to use a hosted solution. 24 00:00:48,390 --> 00:00:49,770 With a hosted environment, 25 00:00:49,770 --> 00:00:51,270 a third party service provider 26 00:00:51,270 --> 00:00:54,000 is going to provide you with all the hardware and facilities 27 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:56,190 needed to maintain your cloud solution. 28 00:00:56,190 --> 00:00:58,920 This is often done in a multi-tenancy environment 29 00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:00,270 with multiple organizations 30 00:01:00,270 --> 00:01:01,830 having their cloud solutions hosted 31 00:01:01,830 --> 00:01:04,769 within a single third party provider's facility. 32 00:01:04,769 --> 00:01:07,800 For example, Amazon, Microsoft, and Google, 33 00:01:07,800 --> 00:01:11,160 all provide hosted solutions for organizations to utilize. 34 00:01:11,160 --> 00:01:15,150 Consider the example of Amazon Web Services, or AWS. 35 00:01:15,150 --> 00:01:16,283 This multi-tenancy solution 36 00:01:16,283 --> 00:01:18,810 utilizes the same physical hardware, 37 00:01:18,810 --> 00:01:21,000 located at the same physical facility, 38 00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:24,150 to support a large number of diverse organizations. 39 00:01:24,150 --> 00:01:26,640 Of course, there are logical separations in place 40 00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:27,960 to keep your data secure, 41 00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:29,940 and from being exposed to other organizations 42 00:01:29,940 --> 00:01:31,650 within the hosted platform. 43 00:01:31,650 --> 00:01:33,300 But if you have information 44 00:01:33,300 --> 00:01:35,520 that you want to remain strictly confidential, 45 00:01:35,520 --> 00:01:38,460 you are much better off using an on-premise solution 46 00:01:38,460 --> 00:01:40,694 where you can control all the physical and logical access 47 00:01:40,694 --> 00:01:42,690 to those servers. 48 00:01:42,690 --> 00:01:44,760 When using a multi-tenancy solution, 49 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:45,967 residual data from your organization 50 00:01:45,967 --> 00:01:48,300 may be exposed to another tenant, 51 00:01:48,300 --> 00:01:51,600 as the server elasticity expands upward or downward 52 00:01:51,600 --> 00:01:54,540 to provision and deprovision excess server capacity, 53 00:01:54,540 --> 00:01:56,760 since you're utilizing the same shared resources 54 00:01:56,760 --> 00:01:58,440 as everybody else. 55 00:01:58,440 --> 00:02:00,540 If you decide to use a hosting provider, 56 00:02:00,540 --> 00:02:01,980 it's really important to understand 57 00:02:01,980 --> 00:02:04,530 their authentication and authorization mechanisms 58 00:02:04,530 --> 00:02:06,810 to ensure that they have adequate protections in place 59 00:02:06,810 --> 00:02:08,490 to meet your requirements. 60 00:02:08,490 --> 00:02:10,556 Also, you should inquire about the redundancy 61 00:02:10,556 --> 00:02:12,360 and fault tolerance measures 62 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:13,770 to ensure that they're up to the level 63 00:02:13,770 --> 00:02:15,420 that you're going to require. 64 00:02:15,420 --> 00:02:18,570 Another concern with hosted providers is their location. 65 00:02:18,570 --> 00:02:21,570 Where exactly is your data going to be stored in the world? 66 00:02:21,570 --> 00:02:22,890 Based on that location, 67 00:02:22,890 --> 00:02:25,860 what laws are going to affect your organization and its data? 68 00:02:25,860 --> 00:02:27,210 These are things you have to understand 69 00:02:27,210 --> 00:02:29,070 when choosing a hosted service provider 70 00:02:29,070 --> 00:02:31,110 for your organization. 71 00:02:31,110 --> 00:02:32,220 Now that you've made the decision 72 00:02:32,220 --> 00:02:33,840 on whether or not to use an on-premise 73 00:02:33,840 --> 00:02:35,370 or hosted service provider, 74 00:02:35,370 --> 00:02:37,170 the last decision is going to revolve around 75 00:02:37,170 --> 00:02:39,780 what type of service you want to purchase. 76 00:02:39,780 --> 00:02:42,180 Now, there are three main cloud service models 77 00:02:42,180 --> 00:02:43,170 to choose from. 78 00:02:43,170 --> 00:02:45,720 These are software as a service, or SaaS, 79 00:02:45,720 --> 00:02:47,730 platform as a service, or PaaS, 80 00:02:47,730 --> 00:02:50,400 and infrastructure as a service, or IaaS. 81 00:02:50,400 --> 00:02:52,290 Now under software as a service, 82 00:02:52,290 --> 00:02:54,390 the service provider is going to give your organization 83 00:02:54,390 --> 00:02:56,040 a complete solution. 84 00:02:56,040 --> 00:02:57,240 This includes the hardware, 85 00:02:57,240 --> 00:02:58,830 such as networking, storage, 86 00:02:58,830 --> 00:03:00,540 servers and virtualization, 87 00:03:00,540 --> 00:03:01,890 as well as the operating system, 88 00:03:01,890 --> 00:03:03,630 the middleware, the runtime, 89 00:03:03,630 --> 00:03:04,800 the data processing, 90 00:03:04,800 --> 00:03:06,480 and the application or software 91 00:03:06,480 --> 00:03:07,470 that's needed for the service 92 00:03:07,470 --> 00:03:09,360 to be delivered to your end user. 93 00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:12,720 For example, if your organization is using Office 365 94 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:16,200 from Microsoft, or Docs and Sheets by Google Workspace, 95 00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:18,900 these are considered a software as a service solution, 96 00:03:18,900 --> 00:03:21,450 and it allows your end users to access their email, 97 00:03:21,450 --> 00:03:23,070 their documents, their spreadsheets, 98 00:03:23,070 --> 00:03:26,220 and more, all directly within their web browser. 99 00:03:26,220 --> 00:03:28,230 Another good example of software as a service 100 00:03:28,230 --> 00:03:30,810 is TurboTax and QuickBooks Online. 101 00:03:30,810 --> 00:03:33,510 These provide tax filing and bookkeeping software 102 00:03:33,510 --> 00:03:36,240 that you can access online using just your web browser, 103 00:03:36,240 --> 00:03:37,680 and they're going to handle all the software, 104 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:39,990 all the hardware, and all the data storage requirements, 105 00:03:39,990 --> 00:03:41,430 on your behalf. 106 00:03:41,430 --> 00:03:43,410 Sometimes though, you're going to have to build 107 00:03:43,410 --> 00:03:45,660 a customized application or piece of software 108 00:03:45,660 --> 00:03:47,790 to meet your specific service needs. 109 00:03:47,790 --> 00:03:50,310 In this case, you might only need the service provider 110 00:03:50,310 --> 00:03:51,510 to give you the hardware, 111 00:03:51,510 --> 00:03:53,340 including the networking, storage, 112 00:03:53,340 --> 00:03:55,080 servers and virtualization, 113 00:03:55,080 --> 00:03:56,550 as well as the operating system, 114 00:03:56,550 --> 00:03:58,860 middleware, and runtime applications. 115 00:03:58,860 --> 00:04:01,560 But, unlike a software as a service solution, 116 00:04:01,560 --> 00:04:03,030 you're going to be responsible for creating 117 00:04:03,030 --> 00:04:04,590 the actual application code 118 00:04:04,590 --> 00:04:06,210 and handling the data processing 119 00:04:06,210 --> 00:04:08,550 between your client and your servers. 120 00:04:08,550 --> 00:04:10,170 Now, with platform as a service, 121 00:04:10,170 --> 00:04:12,300 you're going to get the benefits of using the cloud, 122 00:04:12,300 --> 00:04:15,180 including shared resources, metered utilization, 123 00:04:15,180 --> 00:04:17,730 rapid elasticity, high availability, 124 00:04:17,730 --> 00:04:19,320 and file synchronization. 125 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:20,970 But you also have the ability 126 00:04:20,970 --> 00:04:22,590 to customize your own development 127 00:04:22,590 --> 00:04:24,600 to meet your business needs. 128 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:26,670 Under this model, the third party vendor 129 00:04:26,670 --> 00:04:28,140 is going to provide your organization 130 00:04:28,140 --> 00:04:30,510 with the hardware and operating system software 131 00:04:30,510 --> 00:04:32,820 that's needed for a specific service to operate, 132 00:04:32,820 --> 00:04:35,730 but they're not going to give you the code or the application 133 00:04:35,730 --> 00:04:37,710 that is closest to the end user. 134 00:04:37,710 --> 00:04:39,810 For example, if your company is developing 135 00:04:39,810 --> 00:04:41,310 a new web application, 136 00:04:41,310 --> 00:04:42,840 they might have a development platform 137 00:04:42,840 --> 00:04:45,390 that's provided by a third party cloud provider. 138 00:04:45,390 --> 00:04:47,280 At my company, Dion Training, 139 00:04:47,280 --> 00:04:48,510 as we're filming this, 140 00:04:48,510 --> 00:04:49,620 we're actually in the process 141 00:04:49,620 --> 00:04:51,720 of developing our own learning management system 142 00:04:51,720 --> 00:04:53,130 from the ground up, 143 00:04:53,130 --> 00:04:54,690 but we don't want to have to deal with 144 00:04:54,690 --> 00:04:56,820 all the underlying hardware, networking, 145 00:04:56,820 --> 00:04:59,100 storage, and operating system layers. 146 00:04:59,100 --> 00:05:01,800 So we chose platform as a service 147 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:04,290 as our solution through Amazon Web Services, 148 00:05:04,290 --> 00:05:05,730 because they're going to handle everything 149 00:05:05,730 --> 00:05:08,220 from the database downward in our tech stack. 150 00:05:08,220 --> 00:05:10,170 And my team and I are only responsible 151 00:05:10,170 --> 00:05:12,480 for the software code that our end users, 152 00:05:12,480 --> 00:05:14,490 our students, are going to interact with, 153 00:05:14,490 --> 00:05:15,840 and then processing the data 154 00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:18,090 as our students go through our courses. 155 00:05:18,090 --> 00:05:20,550 Now, this is platform as a service at work, 156 00:05:20,550 --> 00:05:22,560 because Amazon is giving us the servers, 157 00:05:22,560 --> 00:05:24,180 the operating system configurations, 158 00:05:24,180 --> 00:05:25,710 and even the databases, 159 00:05:25,710 --> 00:05:27,150 and then we're able to build 160 00:05:27,150 --> 00:05:28,830 whatever we want on top of them, 161 00:05:28,830 --> 00:05:31,170 to provide our final application or software 162 00:05:31,170 --> 00:05:33,870 to our end users, which is our students. 163 00:05:33,870 --> 00:05:36,420 The final type of cloud service model we need to cover 164 00:05:36,420 --> 00:05:39,960 is known as IaaS, or infrastructure as a service. 165 00:05:39,960 --> 00:05:41,550 Now, infrastructure as a service 166 00:05:41,550 --> 00:05:43,830 is a means of provisioning IT resources, 167 00:05:43,830 --> 00:05:45,690 such as servers, load balancers, 168 00:05:45,690 --> 00:05:48,570 and storage area network components, when needed. 169 00:05:48,570 --> 00:05:50,340 With infrastructure as a service, 170 00:05:50,340 --> 00:05:51,390 you're going to get the benefits 171 00:05:51,390 --> 00:05:53,640 of dynamic allocation of additional resources, 172 00:05:53,640 --> 00:05:55,470 which is known as elasticity, 173 00:05:55,470 --> 00:05:57,420 but you don't have to deal with the headache 174 00:05:57,420 --> 00:05:58,560 of a long-term commitment 175 00:05:58,560 --> 00:06:01,500 of buying and running all of that hardware yourself. 176 00:06:01,500 --> 00:06:03,272 For example, you might contract for a new 177 00:06:03,272 --> 00:06:07,230 cloud-based web server to host your company's website on. 178 00:06:07,230 --> 00:06:10,380 If you're using Amazon Web Services, or AWS, 179 00:06:10,380 --> 00:06:12,240 we would call this EC2, 180 00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:14,310 which is the elastic cloud compute, 181 00:06:14,310 --> 00:06:15,143 and you're going to be able to select 182 00:06:15,143 --> 00:06:18,300 the right amount of resources for your EC2 instance. 183 00:06:18,300 --> 00:06:19,650 Maybe you decided you wanted four CPUs, 184 00:06:19,650 --> 00:06:23,430 16 gigabytes of memory, 500 gigabytes of storage, 185 00:06:23,430 --> 00:06:24,780 or whatever it is. 186 00:06:24,780 --> 00:06:27,630 Then AWS is going to assign those hardware resources 187 00:06:27,630 --> 00:06:28,620 to you to use, 188 00:06:28,620 --> 00:06:30,360 and you can then install the operating system, 189 00:06:30,360 --> 00:06:33,360 the middleware, and the runtime to that resource. 190 00:06:33,360 --> 00:06:36,720 Now, sometimes the lines can get a bit blurry, though. 191 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:38,381 According to the official CompTIA textbook 192 00:06:38,381 --> 00:06:40,080 and documentation, 193 00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:43,350 infrastructure as a service is focused on the hardware only, 194 00:06:43,350 --> 00:06:45,330 including the virtual machines, storage, 195 00:06:45,330 --> 00:06:47,880 and networking portions of that hardware. 196 00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:50,160 That being said though, most providers, 197 00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:52,170 like Amazon, Microsoft Azure, 198 00:06:52,170 --> 00:06:53,340 and Google Cloud, 199 00:06:53,340 --> 00:06:55,140 will have you select the operating system 200 00:06:55,140 --> 00:06:57,660 you want to have installed on your compute instance 201 00:06:57,660 --> 00:06:59,580 when you choose what resources you want, 202 00:06:59,580 --> 00:07:01,410 and they're going to assign them to you. 203 00:07:01,410 --> 00:07:03,539 For example, Amazon's EC2 instances 204 00:07:03,539 --> 00:07:05,610 can be spun up automatically 205 00:07:05,610 --> 00:07:08,640 with the Linux Amazon machine image already installed, 206 00:07:08,640 --> 00:07:11,010 and this contains the basic Linux operating system, 207 00:07:11,010 --> 00:07:14,220 ready for you to completely customize to meet your needs. 208 00:07:14,220 --> 00:07:15,360 The reason I bring this up 209 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:16,800 is because when you're dealing with something 210 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:18,420 that is mostly hardware, 211 00:07:18,420 --> 00:07:20,730 just because it has the operating system installed, 212 00:07:20,730 --> 00:07:23,114 I would not consider that to be a platform as a service 213 00:07:23,114 --> 00:07:24,854 on the exam, and instead, 214 00:07:24,854 --> 00:07:28,260 you would still choose infrastructure as a service. 215 00:07:28,260 --> 00:07:30,570 Now, to get to the platform as a service level, 216 00:07:30,570 --> 00:07:32,580 it really should include all of the middleware 217 00:07:32,580 --> 00:07:34,020 and the runtime as well. 218 00:07:34,020 --> 00:07:36,300 This includes things like the database functionality, 219 00:07:36,300 --> 00:07:38,910 the web server, such as Apache or Nginx, 220 00:07:38,910 --> 00:07:40,890 and other server software and middleware 221 00:07:40,890 --> 00:07:43,830 that you're going to need to be able to provide those services. 222 00:07:43,830 --> 00:07:46,140 Now for the exam, they're usually going to be pretty clear 223 00:07:46,140 --> 00:07:48,150 when something is infrastructure as a service 224 00:07:48,150 --> 00:07:49,680 or software as a service, 225 00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:51,570 but for platform as a service, 226 00:07:51,570 --> 00:07:53,220 it can be a bit trickier. 227 00:07:53,220 --> 00:07:55,284 So I'm going to give you a little bit of a hint here 228 00:07:55,284 --> 00:07:57,750 that you should use on the exam. 229 00:07:57,750 --> 00:07:59,040 If you see things that are 230 00:07:59,040 --> 00:08:01,350 more than infrastructure as a service, 231 00:08:01,350 --> 00:08:03,630 you probably want to choose platform as a service 232 00:08:03,630 --> 00:08:04,800 as your answer. 233 00:08:04,800 --> 00:08:07,950 If you see things that are less than software as a service, 234 00:08:07,950 --> 00:08:10,650 you would then again choose platform as a service, 235 00:08:10,650 --> 00:08:12,810 because really you have the two ends of the spectrum, 236 00:08:12,810 --> 00:08:14,100 with infrastructure as a service 237 00:08:14,100 --> 00:08:15,420 all the way on the left side, 238 00:08:15,420 --> 00:08:17,580 and software as a service, all the way on the right, 239 00:08:17,580 --> 00:08:20,280 and platform as a service somewhere in the middle. 240 00:08:20,280 --> 00:08:22,860 So in summary, for infrastructure as a service, 241 00:08:22,860 --> 00:08:25,260 remember, it provides you with everything you need 242 00:08:25,260 --> 00:08:26,460 to run a server. 243 00:08:26,460 --> 00:08:28,950 This includes power, space, cooling, 244 00:08:28,950 --> 00:08:30,600 the network, firewalls, 245 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:32,549 physical servers, the virtualization layer, 246 00:08:32,549 --> 00:08:35,130 and sometimes the operating system. 247 00:08:35,130 --> 00:08:36,166 Now with platform as a service, 248 00:08:36,166 --> 00:08:38,309 we're going to add in the operating system, 249 00:08:38,309 --> 00:08:41,610 and what I like to refer to as the infrastructure software. 250 00:08:41,610 --> 00:08:42,960 Now, this infrastructure software 251 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:45,480 is really your middleware and runtime environment, 252 00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:47,130 and that means we're talking about things like 253 00:08:47,130 --> 00:08:49,950 an Apache web server, a MySQL database, 254 00:08:49,950 --> 00:08:52,440 programming languages, and things like that. 255 00:08:52,440 --> 00:08:54,390 Now, when we deal with software as a service, 256 00:08:54,390 --> 00:08:57,180 we're dealing with a hosted application piece of software 257 00:08:57,180 --> 00:08:59,010 that's added on top of the infrastructure 258 00:08:59,010 --> 00:09:01,380 and platform portions we just discussed. 259 00:09:01,380 --> 00:09:02,610 So as you can see, 260 00:09:02,610 --> 00:09:05,400 software as a service is much closer to your end user 261 00:09:05,400 --> 00:09:06,632 than either platform as a service 262 00:09:06,632 --> 00:09:09,090 or infrastructure as a service. 263 00:09:09,090 --> 00:09:10,357 So as an IT professional, 264 00:09:10,357 --> 00:09:12,810 it's really important that you're able to determine 265 00:09:12,810 --> 00:09:14,760 which type of "as a service" 266 00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:15,923 is right for your organization, 267 00:09:15,923 --> 00:09:17,670 based on its requirements. 268 00:09:17,670 --> 00:09:19,140 And that's what we covered in this lesson, 269 00:09:19,140 --> 00:09:20,790 talking about software as a service, 270 00:09:20,790 --> 00:09:23,540 platform as a service, and infrastructure as a service.