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We’re now going to talk about

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how much personal information
you might be reveling

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on the social sites that
you use in forums,

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and when you fill out forms,

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and really, any time where
you’re providing information,

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and we’re going to look at
using identity strategies

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to limit your exposure to
your adversaries

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when revealing personal
information.

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Increasingly it’s getting
harder and harder

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to not provide information

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if you want to function
in the modern world.

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Our children simply
won’t understand

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the concept of privacy

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in the same way that we do,

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but the clear facts are

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that the less information
about you that is out there,

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the more security, privacy
and anonymity

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you can grasp,
attempting to attain.

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The less information out
there about you,

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the better protected
against identity theft,

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phishing attacks, spam, conman,
social engineering, hackers,

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nation state surveillance,
local law enforcement,

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basically everything.

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But you have to balance

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your personal information
disclosure

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with your need for an identity
or identities online.

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Here is a scrolling list of

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information you should consider

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before revealing online

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or consider before
giving to companies.

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The more of this personal
information

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that is out there about you,

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the more of a complete picture

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an adversary can have of you.

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Questions to consider when
putting this information online

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or providing it to companies.

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Who can ultimately access
the information?

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You might think it’s
just your friends,

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or just the company,

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but they can forward
the information on.

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If it’s a social site,
the social site

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will have access to it,
if it’s a company,

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the company will have
access to it.

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Your adversary then may
also have access to it.

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Who controls and owns
the information

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that you are disclosing?

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You might find that

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some of the sites you use

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own the content you publish.

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Did you know that?

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Can the information
ever be taken back

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or taken down that
you've disclosed?

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The answer is probably no,

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because other sites and services

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archive the internet,
so ultimately,

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even if it is taken down,

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it may be archived
somewhere else.

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And as we know, nation states
are archiving data as well.

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Will your associates
mind if you share

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information about them
with other people?

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What information about you

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are your associates passing
on to other people?

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Do you trust the people

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in organizations you’re
connected to?

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They can forward on information
you have posted.

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Even if you post on
a private forum,

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you should consider
the information

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still public because
you no longer

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have control over that
information anymore.

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Are you relying on a social site

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or other site as a primary host

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for your content or information?

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What happens if that
site disappears,

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if it goes down, will you lose

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those precious pictures?

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Are there photos of you online?

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Do people tag you in photos

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even if you don't post
pictures yourself?

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Consider the risk associated

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with the information
you post online.

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Could an unfortunate post
on social media

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for your career, or posting
your opinions

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get you fired?

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What are the consequences of
posting, viewing or creating

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this sort of content online

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that you wish to do freely?

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Just re-tweeting or forwarding

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a message indicates your
views on a topic?

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Are you comfortable that your
social media presence

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creates a profile of you online

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that can be used by employees

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and your adversary?

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Do you want to mix colleagues
with friends and family?

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Are you doing that now?

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Do you have distinctly
private activities

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that you don't want associated
with your real identity?

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Do you perform activities that

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law enforcement agencies
or nation states

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have laws against?

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Will the information
you disclose

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lead to the targeting
of your friends

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and family members
by your adversaries?

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Will your children appreciate

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you posting photos
and information

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about them when they get older?

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Does this make them
more vulnerable?

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I recommend this site here

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who do a great breakdown

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of the terms of use
and privacy policies

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of companies that you use.

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They also have a browser plugin,

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so if you are interested

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in the social sites
that you’re using,

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so let's for example
look in Facebook,

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and here we get a breakdown of

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what this particular social site

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has to say in their policies.

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So the breakdown here,
very broad

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copyright license on your content,

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this service tracks you
on other websites,

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Facebook automatically
shares your data

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with many other services,

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Facebook uses your data
for many purposes,

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the Android app can record

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sound and video from your
phone at anytime

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without your consent.

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And if we click here,

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we can see more details

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if you want to see a breakdown,

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So what I do,

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what I suggest is that

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if you are using social
media websites

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and you want to know

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what they’re doing
with your information,

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this is a good site to go,

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check out the detail

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for the social sites that
you use or other sites,

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and see whether or not, you know

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you’re happy with what it is

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that they are potentially
doing with your data.

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You need to determine
if these terms

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are really in line with

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what you’re currently
posting online.

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If they aren't, then you

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need to consider a different
identity strategy.

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In the section on Op Sec,

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we discuss identity strategies,

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so let's revisit them
in terms of

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giving away personal information

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and how you can use
identity strategies

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to manage the information
that you’re giving out.

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So the strategies
I’m going to list

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are in order of preference

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for limiting the reveling
of personal information.

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So first is the avoidance
strategy.

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This is the best strategy
for reducing risk

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related to giving out
personal information.

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And the avoidance
strategy is simply

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avoiding using certain
social media,

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not posting, not filling in forms,
simply not registering,

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just not giving out
that information.

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This is often unrealistic

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and deprives you from
the advantages

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of the internet and
modern living,

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and just may simply
not be possible

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in some circumstances.

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But a common example might be

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not having social media accounts

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and limiting your accounts
to the bare minimum.

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This way, you release

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the least personal information.

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It’s recommended to use

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the avoidance strategy
where possible.

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The less information
that is out there,

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the less vulnerable you are.

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Where avoidance isn't possible,

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you can use compartmentalization.

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This is having contextually
separate identities

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from each other and
your real identity.

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For example, you could maintain

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a social media account
under an alias,

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so you could have a Facebook
as John Smith,

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or whatever name, and you might

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reveal information about you,

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but it’s separate from
your real identity.

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So if your adversary
or a HR department

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do a search on you,
there is nothing

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linked to your real identity.

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I have a number of friends,

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who both in the real
world and online,

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are known only by an alias,

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it’s an effective strategy
for them

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to separate their social and
professional identities.

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Next is the content strategy

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where you’re only giving out

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carefully considered information

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against your real identity.

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This is effective if
you manage to

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always put out carefully
considered information,

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but this strategy is risky
as you could

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inadvertently reveal information

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you didn't intent to release.

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A simple example could be

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you download an app,
you register

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under that app as
your real identity,

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and not realize the default
settings

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are revealing your location

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or some other personal
information.

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Then you have the audience
strategy,

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which is a step a little
bit more risky.

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This is keeping, as an example,

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your personal and professional
network separate

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by using Facebook for
friends and family,

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and LinkedIn for your
personal network.

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This can limit the exposure
of your personal information,

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but it is still out there.

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You know, do you own
that information?

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Can you remove it?
Will someone copy it?

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Will your adversary
be able to find it?

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Do you trust your audience
with that information?

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Ultimately, if you have put
personal information out

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to an audience, it can be passed
onto another audience

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or viewed potentially
by another audience.

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This is where you get into

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your privacy settings
on those sites.

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You configure your
privacy settings

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to attempt to reduce
the audience,

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but obviously, if one person
can view it,

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one person can pass it on.

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And then the most risky strategy

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is the open strategy.

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This is using your real identity

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and being transparent
and authentic.

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Some people do live
their lives like this

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and in the public eye.

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This is suitable for certain
situations and cultures,

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but this is obviously risky and
makes you vulnerable.

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Even though you’re using
an open strategy,

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you should still restrict the personal
information you give out,

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and generally an open strategy
is not going to be suitable

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for someone who is interested
in privacy

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and their anonymity
and security.

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And the final strategy
is the custom strategy,

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which is probably the best
general strategy

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for most people that
will allow you to exist

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on the internet

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and limit information disclosure

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by using a combination
of the strategies

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that we’ve gone through:
avoidance,

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audience, content,
compartmentalization.

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When information is custom
to the audience,

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there is less risk.

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When identity is custom
to the content,

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there is less risk.

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Whichever strategy you choose,

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you should post only the amount

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of personal information
as is necessary.

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Even if you don't care about
privacy or anonymity,

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you are better protected
against identity theft,

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phishing attacks, spam,

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conman, social engineering,
hackers, etc, etc.,

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if you limit the amount

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of personal information
you give away.

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Another good site that
provides information

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on how different companies
protect you

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from government requests
is this one here,

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Who Has Your Back?

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Another site from the EFF

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and if you check this
out here, you’ve got:

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“Follows industry-accepted
best practices,

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Tells users about government
data demands,

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Discloses policies on
data retention,

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Discloses government content
removal requests,

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Pro-user public policy
opposes back doors”.

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And you can have a look
through here

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and see what it says about
the social site that

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you may happen to be using.

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So here we can see Facebook

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and it doesn't have a star here

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for disclosing government
content removal requests.

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So check that out.

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In the section on passwords
and authentication,

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we discuss two factor
authentication.

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Enable this on any social
sites that you use

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where you disclose
personal information,

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wherever possible.

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So see the sections on passwords

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and authentication for more
details on that.

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Some social sites will allow
two factor authentication,

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others may not,

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but we detail that
in that section.

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Depending on what
social sites you use,

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they will potentially have
privacy settings.

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So you should investigate
the best options

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for you based on your
identity strategy.

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Here is a good guide,

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00:11:20,340  -->  00:11:21,853
one of the best guides
I have found

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on Facebook privacy settings.

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Facebook obviously
is one of the most

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popular social media sites.

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Another good read here

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is on Twitter's
privacy settings.

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If you’re using Twitter,
I suggest

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you investigate the privacy settings
on whatever social sites

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and forums and things
that you use and visit,

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and make them in line with
your identity strategy.

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Another consideration
is you can use

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decentralized social networks

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where you control the content,

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and where they are happy
for you to not use

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your real identity, and do not
own your data.

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Here are three decentralized
social networks that I recommend.

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The first one is this one,
Diaspora

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the second one is this one,
Friendica,

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and the third one is
GNU’s social network.

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So check those out
as alternatives.

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Some of these integrate with
existing social media sites,

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while you attempt
to migrate away

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from those centralized sites
to these decentralized sites,

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so you can slowly move away

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and bring your friends

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to these more privacy-focused
decentralized social networks.